Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Biotechnology Society Agricultural Biotechnology Journal 2228-6705 2 1 2010 05 22 Effective factors in Cotton (Gossipium spp ) Transformation Using Agrobacterium Effective factors in Cotton (Gossipium spp ) Transformation Using Agrobacterium 1 24 358 10.22103/jab.2012.358 FA Masoud Tohidfar Motahhare Hasan Pour Journal Article 2012 11 10 Cotton (<em>Gossipium spp</em> ) is ranked first among the fibers producing plants in the world and is also considered as an important source of oil.  Although significant progress has been made in traditional cotton breeding programs, but there are still limitations including limited gene resources, lack of crosses, lack of efficient selection and high timeconsumption. Through recent advances in gene transformation to cotton, not only facilitated transformation of useful genes has become possible, but also  promising results have been obtained in gene identification as well asfunction and regulation studies. <em>Agrobacterium</em> mediated transformation is one of the most used transformation methods in plants, including cotton. Several factors could affect transformation efficiency such as bacterial strains and concentrations, added phenolic regent in plant culture medium, plant species and genotypes, use of plant growth regulators, explants type, light and temperature during co-cultivation, antibiotics, wounding the target tissue and suitable method for selection of transgenic cells. Hypocotyls, cotyledons and cell suspensions are used as explants in cotton transformation using <em>Agrobacterium</em>. These explants have some limitations such as low regeneration rate and genotype dependence. Therefore, regeneration could be obtained in only a limited number of species using these explants. On the other hand, establishment of a regeneration system using shoot apex meristem in cotton has increased its transformation efficiency. This article is trying to review the factors shown to be effective in gene transformation into cotton Cotton (<em>Gossipium spp</em> ) is ranked first among the fibers producing plants in the world and is also considered as an important source of oil.  Although significant progress has been made in traditional cotton breeding programs, but there are still limitations including limited gene resources, lack of crosses, lack of efficient selection and high timeconsumption. Through recent advances in gene transformation to cotton, not only facilitated transformation of useful genes has become possible, but also  promising results have been obtained in gene identification as well asfunction and regulation studies. <em>Agrobacterium</em> mediated transformation is one of the most used transformation methods in plants, including cotton. Several factors could affect transformation efficiency such as bacterial strains and concentrations, added phenolic regent in plant culture medium, plant species and genotypes, use of plant growth regulators, explants type, light and temperature during co-cultivation, antibiotics, wounding the target tissue and suitable method for selection of transgenic cells. Hypocotyls, cotyledons and cell suspensions are used as explants in cotton transformation using <em>Agrobacterium</em>. These explants have some limitations such as low regeneration rate and genotype dependence. Therefore, regeneration could be obtained in only a limited number of species using these explants. On the other hand, establishment of a regeneration system using shoot apex meristem in cotton has increased its transformation efficiency. This article is trying to review the factors shown to be effective in gene transformation into cotton https://jab.uk.ac.ir/article_358_3f45834486b935108bb16a8ce64ec704.pdf