Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Biotechnology Society Agricultural Biotechnology Journal 2228-6705 16 3 2024 09 22 Investigating the production of biodiesel from Dunaliella salina grown in Gaillard medium (f/2) modified with trace elements Investigating the production of biodiesel from Dunaliella salina grown in Gaillard medium (f/2) modified with trace elements 1 22 4507 10.22103/jab.2024.22748.1540 FA Sakineh Yeganeh Fisheries Department , Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University 0000-0001-7480-7315 Saeid Vahdat Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science & Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran 0000-0002-6237-1945 Manizheh Biabani Asrami Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries & Environmental sciences, Gorgan Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources University, Gorgan, Iran. 0000-0003-2748-8045 Mehdi Nikoo Department of Pathobiology and Quality Control, Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia Iran 0000-0001-7928-9588 Journal Article 2024 01 08 Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of trace elements on growth, oils content, fatty acid profiles, and biodiesel properties of Dunaliella salina. Materials and methods Algae cells were grown in Guillard medium (f/2) with a salinity of 117 g/L and with 19 nutrient treatments containing different concentrations of trace elements (25, 50 and 75% of the initial concentration of Guillard medium), with 3 repetitions. At the end of the experiment, dry weight and some selected growth parameters, lipids content, fatty acids, and biodiesel fuel properties were determined. Results Dry weight of algae was significantly influenced by addition levels of trace elements. The maximum algal biomass and fat content were observed in CuSO4 with 75% of standard concentration (1425.1 mg/L and 374 mg/biomass, respectively) and was significantly higher than the control treatment (P < 0.05). Majority of the fatty acid methyl esters were between C14-18 and C22:1n9., The highest cetane number (82.7) and the lowest iodine value (123.5) were found in CoCl2 with 25% of the standard concentration treatment (P < 0.05). Among all treatments, the highest degree of unsaturation was observed in the 25% manganese treatment (P<0.05). The highest and lowest amount of CFPP was observed in cobalt 75% (4.50°C) and cobalt 25% (-2.86°C) treatments, respectively; being significantly higher than the control treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions High-quality biodiesel that was obtained from D. salina grown in CoCl2 with 25% of the standard concentration (higher cetane number and lower long-chain unsaturated fatty acids) showed the great potential for biodiesel production due to higher lipids content (197.92 mg/total biomass) than the control treatment (193.44 mg/total biomass) from lower mass quantity. The exposure of D. salina to trace elements deficiency revealed the ability of this algae to grow the same rate as control (in case of zinc, manganese, cobalt, and molybdate treatments 75%) or even higher growth (75% copper; 1425.1 mg/d.w.). The use of modified Guillard medium (f/2) could be beneficial during the cultivation period of D. salina to prevent biomass loss to some degree (e.g. nitrogen and phosphorus shock), resulting in higher lipids production. Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of trace elements on growth, oils content, fatty acid profiles, and biodiesel properties of Dunaliella salina. Materials and methods Algae cells were grown in Guillard medium (f/2) with a salinity of 117 g/L and with 19 nutrient treatments containing different concentrations of trace elements (25, 50 and 75% of the initial concentration of Guillard medium), with 3 repetitions. At the end of the experiment, dry weight and some selected growth parameters, lipids content, fatty acids, and biodiesel fuel properties were determined. Results Dry weight of algae was significantly influenced by addition levels of trace elements. The maximum algal biomass and fat content were observed in CuSO4 with 75% of standard concentration (1425.1 mg/L and 374 mg/biomass, respectively) and was significantly higher than the control treatment (P < 0.05). Majority of the fatty acid methyl esters were between C14-18 and C22:1n9., The highest cetane number (82.7) and the lowest iodine value (123.5) were found in CoCl2 with 25% of the standard concentration treatment (P < 0.05). Among all treatments, the highest degree of unsaturation was observed in the 25% manganese treatment (P<0.05). The highest and lowest amount of CFPP was observed in cobalt 75% (4.50°C) and cobalt 25% (-2.86°C) treatments, respectively; being significantly higher than the control treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions High-quality biodiesel that was obtained from D. salina grown in CoCl2 with 25% of the standard concentration (higher cetane number and lower long-chain unsaturated fatty acids) showed the great potential for biodiesel production due to higher lipids content (197.92 mg/total biomass) than the control treatment (193.44 mg/total biomass) from lower mass quantity. The exposure of D. salina to trace elements deficiency revealed the ability of this algae to grow the same rate as control (in case of zinc, manganese, cobalt, and molybdate treatments 75%) or even higher growth (75% copper; 1425.1 mg/d.w.). The use of modified Guillard medium (f/2) could be beneficial during the cultivation period of D. salina to prevent biomass loss to some degree (e.g. nitrogen and phosphorus shock), resulting in higher lipids production.

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