Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Biotechnology Society Agricultural Biotechnology Journal 2228-6705 11 2 2019 08 23 Mapping of QTLs Affecting Salinity Tolerance in Iranian Rice Population at Germination Stage Mapping of QTLs Affecting Salinity Tolerance in Iranian Rice Population at Germination Stage 1 22 2385 10.22103/jab.2019.12378.1058 FA Mohammad Javad Behrozbeh M.Sc. student of Biotechnology Crop, Department of Agronomy & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gonbad, Iran. University Gonbad. Hossein Sabouri Associate professor of plant production department, Gonbad kavus University Hossein Hossein Moghaddam Horticulture biotechnology Ph.D, Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural resources Sciences, Gonbad Kavoos University.Iran. Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam Crop physiology Ph.D, Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural resources Sciences, Gonbad Kavoos University.Iran. Ali Rahemi Karizaki Crop physiology Ph.D, Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural resources Sciences, Gonbad Kavoos University.Iran. Mohsen Rezaei Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural resources Sciences, Gonbad Kavoos University.Gonbad Kavoos. Iran Journal Article 2019 03 16 Objective This experiment was conducted for developing of linkage map using SSR and ISSR markers in Iranian rice population, mapping of QTLs involved in salinity tolerance, and also evaluation of salinity tolerance in studied genotype. Materials and Methods In order to determine the salinity tolerance QTLs in a germination stage on an Iranian rice population (caused Ahlami Tarom × Neda cross), a factorial experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design with three replications under three salinity levels of NaCl (0, 12, 22 dS.m-1). Results The difference between populations in different levels of salinity was significant for all germination traits. Under normal conditions, 4, 1, 2 and 1 QTLs were detected for radicle weight, plumule weight, germination percentage and germination rate, respectively. In 12 dS.m-1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1 and 1 QTL for seedling weights, plumule weight, radicle length, coleoptile, germination percentage and germination rate. In 22 dS.m-1, 2, 1, 1 and 1 QTL were located for radicle weight, plant length, germination percentage and germination rate. Discussion The major effects of QTLs in this study played an important role in salinity tolerance and can be studied in marker assisted selection programs in rice under saline conditions. Objective This experiment was conducted for developing of linkage map using SSR and ISSR markers in Iranian rice population, mapping of QTLs involved in salinity tolerance, and also evaluation of salinity tolerance in studied genotype. Materials and Methods In order to determine the salinity tolerance QTLs in a germination stage on an Iranian rice population (caused Ahlami Tarom × Neda cross), a factorial experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design with three replications under three salinity levels of NaCl (0, 12, 22 dS.m-1). Results The difference between populations in different levels of salinity was significant for all germination traits. Under normal conditions, 4, 1, 2 and 1 QTLs were detected for radicle weight, plumule weight, germination percentage and germination rate, respectively. In 12 dS.m-1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1 and 1 QTL for seedling weights, plumule weight, radicle length, coleoptile, germination percentage and germination rate. In 22 dS.m-1, 2, 1, 1 and 1 QTL were located for radicle weight, plant length, germination percentage and germination rate. Discussion The major effects of QTLs in this study played an important role in salinity tolerance and can be studied in marker assisted selection programs in rice under saline conditions.

https://jab.uk.ac.ir/article_2385_1728d1ac236d27f9b15e32515e1473bf.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Biotechnology Society Agricultural Biotechnology Journal 2228-6705 11 2 2019 08 23 Effect of DL- Methionine Replacement with L- Methionine and Different Dietary Protein Levels on Myostatin Gene Expression in Japanese Quails Effect of DL- Methionine Replacement with L- Methionine and Different Dietary Protein Levels on Myostatin Gene Expression in Japanese Quails 23 36 2386 10.22103/jab.2019.13274.1099 FA Kei Aram Koohgivi MS graduate of Animal genetic and Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural science and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran Hedaiat Allah Rooshanfekr Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal science and Food Technology, Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran 0009-0008-6988-7240 Mahmood Nazari Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal science and Food Technology, Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran Ahmad Tatar Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal science and Food Technology, Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran Journal Article 2019 02 24 Objective Myostatin also known as growth differentiation factor 8, is a protein produced and released by myocytes that acts on muscle cells' autocrine function to inhibit myogenesis: muscle cell growth and differentiation. This research had been done in order to assess the effect of DL-methionine replacement with L-methionine, and also the effects of varying dietary protein levels on Myostatin gene expression in Japanese quail. Materials and methods This experiment was carried in the form of a 2×2 factorial with 4 treatment. Treatments contained the replacement of DL-methionine with L- methionine, and different dietary protein levels, were 24 and 20 %. After about 35 days of feeding and keeping the quails, a piece of their chest has been removed immediately and were transferred to the laboratory. Myostatin gene expression measured by using RT-qPCR technique. In this method, 𝜷-actin gene was used as a house-keeping gene to normalize the gene expression data in the quantitative real time PCR. Results DL-methionine replacement did not significantly effect on Myostatin gene expression. Whereas, reduction in protein surface from 24% to 20 %, led to significantly increased expression of Myostatin (P<0.01). Conclusions The results indicated that DL methionine could be replaced with L methionine, and the appropriate level of protein was 24% in the Japanese quail diet. Objective Myostatin also known as growth differentiation factor 8, is a protein produced and released by myocytes that acts on muscle cells' autocrine function to inhibit myogenesis: muscle cell growth and differentiation. This research had been done in order to assess the effect of DL-methionine replacement with L-methionine, and also the effects of varying dietary protein levels on Myostatin gene expression in Japanese quail. Materials and methods This experiment was carried in the form of a 2×2 factorial with 4 treatment. Treatments contained the replacement of DL-methionine with L- methionine, and different dietary protein levels, were 24 and 20 %. After about 35 days of feeding and keeping the quails, a piece of their chest has been removed immediately and were transferred to the laboratory. Myostatin gene expression measured by using RT-qPCR technique. In this method, 𝜷-actin gene was used as a house-keeping gene to normalize the gene expression data in the quantitative real time PCR. Results DL-methionine replacement did not significantly effect on Myostatin gene expression. Whereas, reduction in protein surface from 24% to 20 %, led to significantly increased expression of Myostatin (P<0.01). Conclusions The results indicated that DL methionine could be replaced with L methionine, and the appropriate level of protein was 24% in the Japanese quail diet.

https://jab.uk.ac.ir/article_2386_1bb6a85232fb240a0faadc21334fbcd5.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Biotechnology Society Agricultural Biotechnology Journal 2228-6705 11 2 2019 08 23 Isolation and identification of crude oil-degrading bacteria from soil of some Khuzestan oil-rich regions Isolation and identification of crude oil-degrading bacteria from soil of some Khuzestan oil-rich regions 37 56 2387 10.22103/jab.2019.13216.1097 FA Esmaeel Ghasemi Goujani Assistant Professor, Department of Plant production and Genetics, Collage of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran. Zeinab Papi Plant Production and Genetics Department- Faculty of Agriculture-Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Khuzestan. Alireza Shafeenia Plant Production and Genetics Department, Faculty of agriculture, Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Khuzestan. Khalil Alami-Saeed Plant Production and Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Khuzestan Bijan Khalili Moghadam Soil Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Khuzestan Journal Article 2019 03 11 Objective In this research the ability of some bacteria isolated from oil contaminated areas in Khuzestan province in lowering oil contamination was studied. Materials and methods After primary isolation of some bacterial colonies with oil-degradation ability, eleven bacteria species called Lysobacter ruishenii strain CTN-1, Kocuria rosea strain CMS, Bacillus pseudomycoides strain NBRC, Delftia tsuruhatensis strain 332, Planomicrobium chinense strain NBRC, Acinetobacter junii strain ATCC, Cedecea lapagei strain DSM, Ochrobactrum intermedium strain CNS, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SNP, Chryseobacterium flavum strain CW-E 2and Streptomyces novaecaes strain NBRC via alignment of their 16S rRNA gene sequence with sequences existing in NCBI were identified. Then crude oil degradation ability of the bacteria and also their growth rate in liquid and solid minimum salt medium (MSM) containing 1 percent crude was measured. Results Although all of the isolated bacteria have the capability of crude oil degradation in different levels, Planmicrobium chinense, Ochrobactrum intermedium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria have higher growth rate and the degradation ability in the period of 15 days. Conclusions It seems that provided that doing some complementary researches, these bacteria can be used for decontamination of crude oil contaminated regions located in Khuzestan province. Objective In this research the ability of some bacteria isolated from oil contaminated areas in Khuzestan province in lowering oil contamination was studied. Materials and methods After primary isolation of some bacterial colonies with oil-degradation ability, eleven bacteria species called Lysobacter ruishenii strain CTN-1, Kocuria rosea strain CMS, Bacillus pseudomycoides strain NBRC, Delftia tsuruhatensis strain 332, Planomicrobium chinense strain NBRC, Acinetobacter junii strain ATCC, Cedecea lapagei strain DSM, Ochrobactrum intermedium strain CNS, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SNP, Chryseobacterium flavum strain CW-E 2and Streptomyces novaecaes strain NBRC via alignment of their 16S rRNA gene sequence with sequences existing in NCBI were identified. Then crude oil degradation ability of the bacteria and also their growth rate in liquid and solid minimum salt medium (MSM) containing 1 percent crude was measured. Results Although all of the isolated bacteria have the capability of crude oil degradation in different levels, Planmicrobium chinense, Ochrobactrum intermedium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria have higher growth rate and the degradation ability in the period of 15 days. Conclusions It seems that provided that doing some complementary researches, these bacteria can be used for decontamination of crude oil contaminated regions located in Khuzestan province.

https://jab.uk.ac.ir/article_2387_049167e9627f8abfa558c6afa64b36e6.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Biotechnology Society Agricultural Biotechnology Journal 2228-6705 11 2 2019 08 23 Reconstruction, analysis and comparison of gene networks topology based on RNA-Seq data involved in reproductive and fertility complex traits. Reconstruction, analysis and comparison of gene networks topology based on RNA-Seq data involved in reproductive and fertility complex traits. 57 78 2388 10.22103/jab.2019.13510.1112 FA Amin Shahabi Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Mojtaba Tahmoorespour Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Ali Kazemipour Assistant Professor, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. Journal Article 2019 03 18 Objective In spite of the importance of fertility in different species, there has been little success dissecting the levels of OMICS. To better understand the molecular basis of fertility, we study transcriptome profiling of different tissues. Materials and methods liver, muscle, endometrium and corpus luteum tissues between cows with either good or poor genetic merit for fertility using RNA-Seq data sets. We first compiled a master list of genes related to corpus luteum that change with level of fertility and then reconstructed the network. Results A few genes were identified in liver, muscle and endometrium between high and low fertile cows but in corpus luteum circumstance was different. 264 genes and 6 key modules were disclosed through clustering for mRNA master list for corpus luteum. All these genes, being involved in at least one of the biological process, namely proteolysis, actin cytoskeleton organization, immune system process, biological adhesion, cell differentiation and lipid metabolic process, have an overexpression pattern (P < 0.01). Conclusions Finally, the identification of genes and the construction of their regulatory networks may give new insights into biological procedures. As well as, this study increases our understanding of the contribution of different tissues transcriptome to phenotypic fertility in dairy cattle. Objective In spite of the importance of fertility in different species, there has been little success dissecting the levels of OMICS. To better understand the molecular basis of fertility, we study transcriptome profiling of different tissues. Materials and methods liver, muscle, endometrium and corpus luteum tissues between cows with either good or poor genetic merit for fertility using RNA-Seq data sets. We first compiled a master list of genes related to corpus luteum that change with level of fertility and then reconstructed the network. Results A few genes were identified in liver, muscle and endometrium between high and low fertile cows but in corpus luteum circumstance was different. 264 genes and 6 key modules were disclosed through clustering for mRNA master list for corpus luteum. All these genes, being involved in at least one of the biological process, namely proteolysis, actin cytoskeleton organization, immune system process, biological adhesion, cell differentiation and lipid metabolic process, have an overexpression pattern (P < 0.01). Conclusions Finally, the identification of genes and the construction of their regulatory networks may give new insights into biological procedures. As well as, this study increases our understanding of the contribution of different tissues transcriptome to phenotypic fertility in dairy cattle.

https://jab.uk.ac.ir/article_2388_78c008689c7247b616e25e232fd8e91a.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Biotechnology Society Agricultural Biotechnology Journal 2228-6705 11 2 2019 08 23 Investigation the efficiency of molecular markers to assess genetic diversity of Iranian tea clones Investigation the efficiency of molecular markers to assess genetic diversity of Iranian tea clones 79 100 2389 10.22103/jab.2019.13662.1120 FA Mojtaba Kordrostami Faculty of Agricultural sciences, University of Guilan Mehdi Rahimi Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran Sanam Safaee Assistant Professor, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Lahijan, Iran Ali Seraji Assistant Professor, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Lahijan, Iran Reza Azadi Assistant Professor, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Lahijan, Iran. Journal Article 2019 04 28 Objective The genetic diversity of the 20 tea populations collected from the Tea Research Organization of Iran was evaluated using 20 microsatellite markers and 10 RAPD markers. Materials and methods Plant materials in this experiment were 20 tea clones selected from the Tea Research Institute of the Iran. DNA extraction from young leaf samples of tea populations was performed with a few changes using the CTAB method. In this study, 20 microsatellite markers and 10 RAPD markers were used to study the genetic variation of tea populations. Results The results showed that SSR and RAPD markers produced 105 and 160 polymorphic bands, respectively.Among the microsatellite markers, the MSE0143 and the MSG0681 primers with 9 bands and the MSG0610 primer with 2 bands produced the highest and the least number of amplified bands. MSG0681, MSE0113, MSG0403 markers with the highest amount of observed allele, effective allele, Nei index, Shannon index and PIC were identified as the most effective markers for analyzing genetic diversity in the studied tea genotypes. Among the RAPD markers, the OS-03 primer with 19 bands produced the highest number of bands and the OR-12 primer with 13 bands produced the least number of bands. Conclusions By comparing the mean PIC of the two marker systems, the microsatellite markers were more effective than RAPD markers. For example, the mean PIC value for SSR markers was measured 0.66 across the tea germplasm. By comparing QND and EMI indices, we found that microsatellite markers were superior to RAPD markers. Also, by comparing the results of cluster analysis of two markers, the microsatellite markers were better able to classify individuals based on their geographic origin. Objective The genetic diversity of the 20 tea populations collected from the Tea Research Organization of Iran was evaluated using 20 microsatellite markers and 10 RAPD markers. Materials and methods Plant materials in this experiment were 20 tea clones selected from the Tea Research Institute of the Iran. DNA extraction from young leaf samples of tea populations was performed with a few changes using the CTAB method. In this study, 20 microsatellite markers and 10 RAPD markers were used to study the genetic variation of tea populations. Results The results showed that SSR and RAPD markers produced 105 and 160 polymorphic bands, respectively.Among the microsatellite markers, the MSE0143 and the MSG0681 primers with 9 bands and the MSG0610 primer with 2 bands produced the highest and the least number of amplified bands. MSG0681, MSE0113, MSG0403 markers with the highest amount of observed allele, effective allele, Nei index, Shannon index and PIC were identified as the most effective markers for analyzing genetic diversity in the studied tea genotypes. Among the RAPD markers, the OS-03 primer with 19 bands produced the highest number of bands and the OR-12 primer with 13 bands produced the least number of bands. Conclusions By comparing the mean PIC of the two marker systems, the microsatellite markers were more effective than RAPD markers. For example, the mean PIC value for SSR markers was measured 0.66 across the tea germplasm. By comparing QND and EMI indices, we found that microsatellite markers were superior to RAPD markers. Also, by comparing the results of cluster analysis of two markers, the microsatellite markers were better able to classify individuals based on their geographic origin.

https://jab.uk.ac.ir/article_2389_ed748c460a8b26c441fddaa7410711d9.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Biotechnology Society Agricultural Biotechnology Journal 2228-6705 11 2 2019 08 23 Molecular Farming and Strategies to Increase the Production of Recombinant Proteins in Plants Molecular Farming and Strategies to Increase the Production of Recombinant Proteins in Plants 101 126 2390 10.22103/jab.2019.13483.1110 FA Mojgan Soleimanizadeh Ph.D. Student of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Mokhtar Jalali Javaran Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Abdolreza Bagheri Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal Article 2019 02 25 Objective The demand for recombinant proteins with therapeutic use is dramatically increasing; so that the traditional pharmaceutical industry will not be alone to answer the demand for now and upcoming generations. During the past two decades, plant bioreactors has gained more popularity over other conventional methods for several reasons. Among these reasons are scalability, high production rates, low production costs, ability to perform post‐translational modifications, and biosafety of the bioreactor. So far, many important pharmaceutical proteins have been produced using molecular farming technology. In this paper, it has been tried besides a brief description of molecular farming history, types of plant-based systems and molecular farming challenges, appropriate strategies and methods to solve the challenges in this field were being discussed and reviewed. Results Despite the very promising advances in the field of molecular farming, we still face two serious challenges which needs to be taken seriously; insufficient accumulation levels of recombinant proteins and lack of efficient purification methods. To achieve the high levels of production, several factors should be taken into consideration, such as choice of a suitable promoter or enhancer elements, codon optimization, appropriate subcellular localization, the use of fusion tags and etc. Chromatography methods are routinely used in the pharmaceutical industry for protein purification. Application of these methods has a lot of restrictionsduo to scalability, cost and column pollution problems for purification of plant-derived pharmaceutical proteins. Conclusions Various fusion protein strategies have been developed not only to increase the yield of plant-derived recombinant proteins, but also to facilitate purification steps. Objective The demand for recombinant proteins with therapeutic use is dramatically increasing; so that the traditional pharmaceutical industry will not be alone to answer the demand for now and upcoming generations. During the past two decades, plant bioreactors has gained more popularity over other conventional methods for several reasons. Among these reasons are scalability, high production rates, low production costs, ability to perform post‐translational modifications, and biosafety of the bioreactor. So far, many important pharmaceutical proteins have been produced using molecular farming technology. In this paper, it has been tried besides a brief description of molecular farming history, types of plant-based systems and molecular farming challenges, appropriate strategies and methods to solve the challenges in this field were being discussed and reviewed. Results Despite the very promising advances in the field of molecular farming, we still face two serious challenges which needs to be taken seriously; insufficient accumulation levels of recombinant proteins and lack of efficient purification methods. To achieve the high levels of production, several factors should be taken into consideration, such as choice of a suitable promoter or enhancer elements, codon optimization, appropriate subcellular localization, the use of fusion tags and etc. Chromatography methods are routinely used in the pharmaceutical industry for protein purification. Application of these methods has a lot of restrictionsduo to scalability, cost and column pollution problems for purification of plant-derived pharmaceutical proteins. Conclusions Various fusion protein strategies have been developed not only to increase the yield of plant-derived recombinant proteins, but also to facilitate purification steps.

https://jab.uk.ac.ir/article_2390_d722b96ce8cbeb84e45dd6b1ccd9da24.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Biotechnology Society Agricultural Biotechnology Journal 2228-6705 11 2 2019 08 23 Study of Antioxidant Activity of Bacterial Endophyte Extracts of Ferula gummosa boiss Study of Antioxidant Activity of Bacterial Endophyte Extracts of Ferula gummosa boiss 127 142 2391 10.22103/jab.2019.12608.1068 FA Mehri Soltani Biotechnology group, Bu Ali Sina University Hedayat Bagheri Assistant Prof., Department of Biotechnology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran Amir Hossein Keshtkar Plant breeding department, Bu Ali Sina University Journal Article 2019 02 25 Objective Endophytes are known as a potential source of active natural compounds for use in medicine, agriculture, and industry. Medicinal plants are valuable sources for the study of endophytes. One of the most important medicinal and industrial plants in Iran is the Barije; Ferula gummosa.boiss, whose endophytes have not been studied yet. Materials and methods In this study, 20 bacterial isolates were isolated from different organs of the plant. Endophytes were identified using morphological and then molecular characteristics. The antioxidant properties of endophytic extracts were investigated by degradation of free radicals DPPH (DiPhenyl-1-Picryl Hydrazyl free radical). Results The R4 bacterium with the IC50 value of 2.5 mg / ml had the highest and the SK6 bacterium with an IC50 value of 8.8 mg / ml had the lowest antioxidant activity. The molecular identification of R4 bacteria revealed 98% similarity to the bacterium Rahnella aquatilis. It was also observed by phytochemical analysis that endophytic extracts with phenolic compounds exhibit significant antioxidant activity. Conclusions Barije has different bacterial endophytes with different antioxidant properties. One of these bacteria is Rahnella aquatilis, which has high antioxidant properties. The presence of phenolic compounds in the extract of this bacterium is probably related to its antioxidant properties. Objective Endophytes are known as a potential source of active natural compounds for use in medicine, agriculture, and industry. Medicinal plants are valuable sources for the study of endophytes. One of the most important medicinal and industrial plants in Iran is the Barije; Ferula gummosa.boiss, whose endophytes have not been studied yet. Materials and methods In this study, 20 bacterial isolates were isolated from different organs of the plant. Endophytes were identified using morphological and then molecular characteristics. The antioxidant properties of endophytic extracts were investigated by degradation of free radicals DPPH (DiPhenyl-1-Picryl Hydrazyl free radical). Results The R4 bacterium with the IC50 value of 2.5 mg / ml had the highest and the SK6 bacterium with an IC50 value of 8.8 mg / ml had the lowest antioxidant activity. The molecular identification of R4 bacteria revealed 98% similarity to the bacterium Rahnella aquatilis. It was also observed by phytochemical analysis that endophytic extracts with phenolic compounds exhibit significant antioxidant activity. Conclusions Barije has different bacterial endophytes with different antioxidant properties. One of these bacteria is Rahnella aquatilis, which has high antioxidant properties. The presence of phenolic compounds in the extract of this bacterium is probably related to its antioxidant properties.

https://jab.uk.ac.ir/article_2391_ab400a1015728173ea5e6f7c8903798c.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Biotechnology Society Agricultural Biotechnology Journal 2228-6705 11 2 2019 08 23 Role of epigenetics in regulating defense mechanisms Role of epigenetics in regulating defense mechanisms 143 172 2392 10.22103/jab.2019.14344.1145 FA Mohammadreza Mohammadabadi Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Fatemeh Hasanzadeh Davarani ssistant Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Rafsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rafsanjan, Iran, and Young Researchers and Elite Club, Rafsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rafsanjan, Iran. Journal Article 2019 03 16 Objective Epigenetics contains studying inheritable genetic variations that affect on gene expression pattern, but these variations do not create because of changes in DNA sequence. In addition, organisms are resistant to pathogens through some molecular and cellular mechanisms. Thus, the purpose of this review was to overview interaction between epigenetics and defense system of organisms and highlight recent findings in epigenetic regulation of organism-microbe interaction with focusing on role of histone modifications and DNA methylation of host genome in resistance to disease and defense priming. Hence were discussed creating mechanisms of epigenetics regulations, role of DNA methylation in plant-microbe interaction, role of RNA-mediated DNA methylation in plant-microbe interaction, histone modifications, post-translational modiﬁcations of histones in plant-microbe interaction, role of epigenetics and microRNAs in animal health, epigenetic control of defense priming and transgenerational inheritance and epigenetic regulation in plant pathogenes and effects on pathogenesis. Results It was demonstrated that epigenetic inheritance can provide animals and plants with long-term and short-term mechanisms to adapt to specific environmental conditions. Reviewing results of performed studies by different researchers have provided clear evidence for the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in transgenerational defense priming. Conclusions Moreover, more understanding of how epigenetic mechanisms contribute to animal and plant defence and how pathogens may counteract this reaction can provide new possibilities for novel production protection strategies. Objective Epigenetics contains studying inheritable genetic variations that affect on gene expression pattern, but these variations do not create because of changes in DNA sequence. In addition, organisms are resistant to pathogens through some molecular and cellular mechanisms. Thus, the purpose of this review was to overview interaction between epigenetics and defense system of organisms and highlight recent findings in epigenetic regulation of organism-microbe interaction with focusing on role of histone modifications and DNA methylation of host genome in resistance to disease and defense priming. Hence were discussed creating mechanisms of epigenetics regulations, role of DNA methylation in plant-microbe interaction, role of RNA-mediated DNA methylation in plant-microbe interaction, histone modifications, post-translational modiﬁcations of histones in plant-microbe interaction, role of epigenetics and microRNAs in animal health, epigenetic control of defense priming and transgenerational inheritance and epigenetic regulation in plant pathogenes and effects on pathogenesis. Results It was demonstrated that epigenetic inheritance can provide animals and plants with long-term and short-term mechanisms to adapt to specific environmental conditions. Reviewing results of performed studies by different researchers have provided clear evidence for the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in transgenerational defense priming. Conclusions Moreover, more understanding of how epigenetic mechanisms contribute to animal and plant defence and how pathogens may counteract this reaction can provide new possibilities for novel production protection strategies.

https://jab.uk.ac.ir/article_2392_3041aaa32421aa429b97bba227eedb9f.pdf

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Iranian Biotechnology Society Agricultural Biotechnology Journal 2228-6705 11 2 2019 08 23 Association Analysis of Agronomic Traits of Foxtail Millet Germplasm using AFLP Marker Association Analysis of Agronomic Traits of Foxtail Millet Germplasm using AFLP Marker 173 190 2393 10.22103/jab.2019.12104.1051 FA Akram Aminizadeh University of Shahid Bahonar Kerman Qasem Mohammadi Nezhad Babak Nakhoda Babak Nakhoda (PhD) Head, Department of Molecular Physiology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Seed and Plant Improvement Campus, Shahid-Fahmideh Journal Article 2019 03 17 Objective Considering the importance and application of informative markersin the plant breeding programs, the current research aimed to identify the markers related to morphological traits using the association analysisin foxtail millet genotypes. Materials and methods The current study attempts to identify molecular markers relevant to morphological traits of 30 foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) genotypes by applying an association analysis through a Mixed Linear Model (MLM). In order to avoid false linkage, a population structure study was first performed and 9 probable subgroups were observed in the studied genotypes. Results Association analysis, having taken the structure of the population and kinship relations into consideration in the 30 foxtail millet genotypes in question, represented 38 points of linkage with 12 morphological traits. The coefficient of determination at a highly significant level (P<0.01) was variable from 0.102 and 0.328. The results showed that among the 12 primer combinations of AFLP used in this study, M-CTG/E-AAC, M-CTT/E-AAC and M-CTA/E-AAC were the most efficient in investigating the variety of the genotypes. Also, a number of markers such as M-CAA/E-AAC, M-CTG/E-AGC and M-CTT/E-AAC were connected to several traits such as height, leaf length and width, number of tillers, 1000- seed weight and grain yield, among which the highest connection was with M-CTT/E-AAC. Conclusion Identifying joint markers is of paramount importance in plant breeding plans because they make simultaneous selection of several traits possible. These markers can be used in screening germplasms in the presence of close linkages with the controlling genes. They also can be used in QTL identification programs in genotyping of foxtail millet cross populations. Therefore, the findings of this study can be applied in primary selection and breeding plans of foxtail millet using a Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) process. Objective Considering the importance and application of informative markersin the plant breeding programs, the current research aimed to identify the markers related to morphological traits using the association analysisin foxtail millet genotypes. Materials and methods The current study attempts to identify molecular markers relevant to morphological traits of 30 foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) genotypes by applying an association analysis through a Mixed Linear Model (MLM). In order to avoid false linkage, a population structure study was first performed and 9 probable subgroups were observed in the studied genotypes. Results Association analysis, having taken the structure of the population and kinship relations into consideration in the 30 foxtail millet genotypes in question, represented 38 points of linkage with 12 morphological traits. The coefficient of determination at a highly significant level (P<0.01) was variable from 0.102 and 0.328. The results showed that among the 12 primer combinations of AFLP used in this study, M-CTG/E-AAC, M-CTT/E-AAC and M-CTA/E-AAC were the most efficient in investigating the variety of the genotypes. Also, a number of markers such as M-CAA/E-AAC, M-CTG/E-AGC and M-CTT/E-AAC were connected to several traits such as height, leaf length and width, number of tillers, 1000- seed weight and grain yield, among which the highest connection was with M-CTT/E-AAC. Conclusion Identifying joint markers is of paramount importance in plant breeding plans because they make simultaneous selection of several traits possible. These markers can be used in screening germplasms in the presence of close linkages with the controlling genes. They also can be used in QTL identification programs in genotyping of foxtail millet cross populations. Therefore, the findings of this study can be applied in primary selection and breeding plans of foxtail millet using a Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) process.

https://jab.uk.ac.ir/article_2393_c4a65f9f0eecc1a770bab177a8a57747.pdf