Agricultural Biotechnology Journal

Agricultural Biotechnology Journal

Association of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 33 (ADAM33) gene polymorphisms with bronchial asthma

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Ishraq Abdulameer Salih
Wurood Alwan Kadhim
Wurood Hamzah Muttaleb
Raghad A. Razaq
Department of Biology, College of Sciences for Women, University of Babylon, Iraq
10.22103/jab.2026.27274.1923
Abstract
Objective
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory system. Numerous studies conducted over the past few decades have shown that asthma has a strong genetic component. Inflammation of the airways may lead to structural changes in the airways and ultimately result in irreversible alterations This study aimed to investigate the association of TGF-β1 and ADAM33 gene polymorphisms with asthma susceptibility in Iraqi patients.
Material and method
Peripheral blood samples were collected from 50 patients with bronchial asthma and 50 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was extracted, and polymorphisms of the TGF-β1 and ADAM33 genes were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Electrophoresis on agarose gel was performed to evaluate the quality of extracted DNA, PCR products, and PCR-RFLP fragments. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was assessed for each polymorphism in the control group by comparing the observed and expected genotype frequencies using the chi-square (χ²) test. A P-value >0.05 was considered consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.


Results
Electrophoresis of genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood samples showed high-quality DNA suitable for PCR amplification. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis showed that the ADAM33 polymorphism was in equilibrium among the control subjects. The CT genotype of the TGF-β1 gene was significantly associated with an increased risk of bronchial asthma (OR=3.60, 95% CI=1.29-10.08, P=0.014), whereas no significant association was observed for the T allele (P=0.196). For ADAM33, both the CG and GG genotypes, as well as the G allele, were significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma, with the GG genotype showing the strongest association (OR=5.85, 95% CI=1.94-17.64, P=0.002).
Conclusion
The present findings suggest that polymorphisms in the TGF-β1 and ADAM33 genes are associated with susceptibility to bronchial asthma in the Iraqi population. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these findings and clarify their clinical significance.
Keywords
ADAM33
asthma
polymorphisms
RFLP
TGF-β1
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Agricultural Biotechnology Journal

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 22 August 2026