Keyword Index

A

  • ACE Correlation of ACE (I/D) gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus and post-recovery from Covid-19 in Iraqi patients: A case-control investigation [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 281-300]
  • Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) S100A1 downregulation as a calcium-energetic marker in acute myocardial infarction: Correlation with angiogenic and inflammatory pathways [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 251-268]
  • AgNPs Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from phytochemicals and study of their physical and biological properties [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 221-238]
  • Agriculture Advancing crop-climate resilience through plant biotechnology for sustainable agriculture [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 363-380]
  • Alborz province Investigation of Microbial and Protozoan Contaminations in Traditional Fruit Juices of Alborz Province Abstract [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 55-76]
  • Algae Study of amino acids and the functional properties of two types of algae (Arthrospira platensis and a local Arthrospira sp) [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 231-250]
  • Almond kernel Investigation of Pollen Source-Induced Variation in Fruit Size and Expression Pattern of Mir396a and its Target Gene During Fruit Developmental Stage in Prunus Arabica [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 1-20]
  • Ambient Temperature Effect of different temperatures on blood glucose level, glucose tolerance test, and insulin tolerance test in mice [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 227-240]
  • Antibacterial activity Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from phytochemicals and study of their physical and biological properties [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 221-238]
  • Antibiotic combination Phenotypic and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains carrying resistance genes isolated from various clinical cases in Iraq [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 415-434]
  • Antibiotic resistance Molecular identification of MRSA-MDR Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk samples in Baghdad province [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 163-180]
  • Antioxidant Phytochemical richness and anti aging properties of Kalanchoe pinnata: Insights from antioxidant and elastase inhibition assays [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 457-480]
  • Antioxidant Combined effect of chitosan and salicylic acid hormone on physiological and biochemical traits and expression of key genes of carnosic acid biosynthesis pathway in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 1-26]
  • Antioxidant enzymes Study of the effects of high protein intake on TCF7L2 gene expression and physiological antioxidant enzymes in liver of rat model [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 395-414]
  • Antioxidants Determination of the levels of certain immunological and physiological markers in rats with paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity treated with luteolin [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 633-652]
  • API staph system Molecular identification of MRSA-MDR Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk samples in Baghdad province [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 163-180]
  • Aquaculture Evaluating CRISPR applications in marine animal biotechnology for improved food industry sustainability [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 365-376]
  • Aqueous extract Antimicrobial and other biological activity of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum L.) extracts: A comparative study of aqueous, alcohol, and oil extracts [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 439-456]
  • Aspergillus clavatus Phylogeny of Aspergillus clavatus isolated from primary schools of Iraq and detection of its ability for production of Patulin [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 173-188]
  • Atonic The effect of spraying with growth regulator (Atonic) and Trichoderma viride in improving the physical properties of Buckthorn fruits (Ziziphus mauritiana L. cv. Tufahi) infected with Alternaria alternata [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 331-346]
  • Awassi sheep Sequential morphohistological and scanning electron microscopic developmental study of thymus at prenatal stages in Iraqi Awassi sheep fetuses [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 313-332]
  • Awassi sheep Developmental dynamics of spleen morphogenesis and histogenesis in local Iraqi Awassi sheep fetuses: Insights from light and scanning electron microscopy [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 453-476]

B

  • Babesia Role of prostaglandin F2α and TGFϒ with polymorphism of IL-1β in calves infected with Babesia [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 157-172]
  • Bacterial expression Expression of human alpha-lactalbumin using a chloroplast-based construct in Escherichia coli [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 77-96]
  • Baghdad city Detection and characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in drinking water from Baghdad city using phenotypic, immunological, and molecular methods [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 239-254]
  • Bioactive Chemicals Study of amino acids and the functional properties of two types of algae (Arthrospira platensis and a local Arthrospira sp) [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 231-250]
  • Biochar Transformation of shrimp shell waste into biochar-nanochitosan slow-release fertilizer for enchanced maize productivity [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 449-466]
  • Biocontrol The effect of spraying with growth regulator (Atonic) and Trichoderma viride in improving the physical properties of Buckthorn fruits (Ziziphus mauritiana L. cv. Tufahi) infected with Alternaria alternata [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 331-346]
  • Bioremediation Biological and organic remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil and its effects on soil biological activity and L-glutaminase enzyme activity [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 489-508]

C

  • Calcium Integrated Protein and Gene Expression Analysis of S100A1 and S100A8/A9 Demonstrates Coordinated Dysregulation of Calcium Homeostasis, Innate Immune Activation, and Angiogenic Signaling in Acute Myocardial Infarction [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 477-504]
  • Candida tropicalis Investigation of genes responsible for antibiotics resistance in yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 267-282]
  • Cardiac biomarkers Investigating the cardioprotective effects of Illicium verum Against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 155-176]
  • Cardiotoxicity Investigating the cardioprotective effects of Illicium verum Against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 155-176]
  • Carnosic acid Combined effect of chitosan and salicylic acid hormone on physiological and biochemical traits and expression of key genes of carnosic acid biosynthesis pathway in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 1-26]
  • Catalase Effect of lemon juice in the growth, physiological traits, proline and antioxidants of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) plant growing in water stress [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 373-394]
  • Ceftazidime Phenotypic and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains carrying resistance genes isolated from various clinical cases in Iraq [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 415-434]
  • Chemical management Evaluation of the morphological and molecular response of several tobacco cultivars to the tobacco fire blight pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 27-54]
  • Chloroplastic vector Expression of human alpha-lactalbumin using a chloroplast-based construct in Escherichia coli [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 77-96]
  • Chronic suppurative otitis media Expression of Toll-like receptor-9, CD28, and CD152 in chronic suppurative Otitis media evidence for innate-adaptive immune crosstalk in bacterial persistence [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 205-220]
  • Chronic suppurative otitis media Immunoregulatory response associated with persistent inflammation overexpression of PD-L1 and viral RNA detection in chronic suppurative otitis [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 105-122]
  • Chrysomya bezziana Molecular characterization of Chrysomya bezziana isolated from sheep and goats in Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 585-598]
  • Ciprofloxacin Phenotypic and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains carrying resistance genes isolated from various clinical cases in Iraq [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 415-434]
  • Cluster analysis Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure among some tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes using ISSR markers [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 139-162]
  • CO₂ emission The effects of adding Vertisol conditioners and emulsified Lubricating oil on soil respiration and biological soil crust thickness in sandy soil under different rainfall and moisture treatments [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 355-372]
  • COI Molecular characterization of Chrysomya bezziana isolated from sheep and goats in Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 585-598]
  • COI gene Molecular diagnosis and genetic variation of the Jujube Blue Butterfly (Tarucus spp.) in Misan province, southern Iraq [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 505-518]
  • Cordia myxa fruits Extraction of gum from Cordia myxa L. fruit and evaluation of its functional and physicochemical properties [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 283-296]
  • Cordia myxa gum Extraction of gum from Cordia myxa L. fruit and evaluation of its functional and physicochemical properties [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 283-296]
  • Coriandrum sativum Protective activity of Coriandrum sativum extract on methotrexate-induced genotoxicity in Swiss albino mice [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 181-196]
  • Corn Transformation of shrimp shell waste into biochar-nanochitosan slow-release fertilizer for enchanced maize productivity [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 449-466]
  • Corona Virus Immunoregulatory response associated with persistent inflammation overexpression of PD-L1 and viral RNA detection in chronic suppurative otitis [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 105-122]
  • Covid-19 Correlation of ACE (I/D) gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus and post-recovery from Covid-19 in Iraqi patients: A case-control investigation [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 281-300]
  • CRISPR/Cas The most important techniques for gene and genome editing [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 41-68]
  • CRISPR- Cas9 Evaluating CRISPR applications in marine animal biotechnology for improved food industry sustainability [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 365-376]
  • CRISPR/Cas9 Design, Construction, and Delivery of an sgRNA Expression Cassette for Targeted Mutagenesis of α-1,3-fucosyltransferase Gene in Lemna minor Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 135-156]
  • Cryptic species Molecular diagnosis and genetic variation of the Jujube Blue Butterfly (Tarucus spp.) in Misan province, southern Iraq [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 505-518]
  • Cytochrome b gene Microscopic and molecular detection of Theileria annulata in cattle from Babylon province of Iraq [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 395-410]

D

  • Defense enzymes Silicon dioxide nanoparticles enhance rice blast resistance in Oryza sativa [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 339-362]
  • Disease resistance Developing hybrid tissue culture methods for disease-resistant marine algae in food industry applications [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 571-584]
  • Drought stress Proteome analysis of suger beet root in response to drought stress [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 55-76]
  • Durum wheat Isolation, screening and selection of Aspergillus and Penicillium strains from wheat rhizosphere for multienzyme production and antifungal properties [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 77-104]

E

  • E. coli O157:H7 Detection and characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in drinking water from Baghdad city using phenotypic, immunological, and molecular methods [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 239-254]
  • Elicitor Combined effect of chitosan and salicylic acid hormone on physiological and biochemical traits and expression of key genes of carnosic acid biosynthesis pathway in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 1-26]
  • ELISA Detection and characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in drinking water from Baghdad city using phenotypic, immunological, and molecular methods [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 239-254]
  • Enterobacter cloacae complex The immunomodulation of Nelumbo nucifera seed extract on rabbits infected with Enterobacter cloacae complex [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 431-452]

F

  • Fatty acids Influence of planting dates and foliar feeding with nano-boron on safflower production and fatty acid quality [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 297-312]
  • FE-SEM Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from phytochemicals and study of their physical and biological properties [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 221-238]
  • Food industry Developing hybrid tissue culture methods for disease-resistant marine algae in food industry applications [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 571-584]
  • FTIR Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from phytochemicals and study of their physical and biological properties [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 221-238]

G

  • GC MS Study of amino acids and the functional properties of two types of algae (Arthrospira platensis and a local Arthrospira sp) [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 231-250]
  • GC-MS Antimicrobial and other biological activity of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum L.) extracts: A comparative study of aqueous, alcohol, and oil extracts [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 439-456]
  • Gene Investigation of Pollen Source-Induced Variation in Fruit Size and Expression Pattern of Mir396a and its Target Gene During Fruit Developmental Stage in Prunus Arabica [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 1-20]
  • Gene expression Integrated Protein and Gene Expression Analysis of S100A1 and S100A8/A9 Demonstrates Coordinated Dysregulation of Calcium Homeostasis, Innate Immune Activation, and Angiogenic Signaling in Acute Myocardial Infarction [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 477-504]
  • Gene regulatory network (GRN) Reconstruction of Gene and Protein Networks in Response to Salt Stress in Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) Using RNA-seq Data [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 69-114]
  • Genetic distance Genetic Diversity of Pistacia Species in Iraqi Kurdistan and Yazd, Iran: Insights from ISSR Markers [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 115-134]
  • Glucose Effect of different temperatures on blood glucose level, glucose tolerance test, and insulin tolerance test in mice [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 227-240]

H

  • Heat stress Effect of different temperatures on blood glucose level, glucose tolerance test, and insulin tolerance test in mice [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 227-240]
  • Heavy metals Biological and organic remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil and its effects on soil biological activity and L-glutaminase enzyme activity [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 489-508]
  • HLA-DQ2 & DQ8 gene HLA-DQ2 gene association with Celiac disease in Babylon province, Iraq [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 123-136]
  • Homeobox Gene expression study of key regulators of germ layer formation in chicken embryos using RT-PCR technique [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 241-258]
  • HPLC Effect of nanoparticles on callus induction to produce secondary metabolites in Salvia hispanica L [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 213-230]
  • Human α-lactalbumin Expression of human alpha-lactalbumin using a chloroplast-based construct in Escherichia coli [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 77-96]
  • Humic acid Biological and organic remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil and its effects on soil biological activity and L-glutaminase enzyme activity [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 489-508]
  • Humic substances Effect of humic acid and seaweed extract on growth, yield and essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 615-632]

I

  • IL-6 Deleterious effects of inflammatory cytokines induced by endotoxin on hepato-renal functions and attenuating role of estrogen in vivo [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 259-280]
  • IL-6 Investigation the role of PCSk9 and IL-6 genes polymorphism in patients with CVD [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 189-204]
  • IL-6 Natural immunomodulation of host defense against Klebsiella aerogenes: evidence from Licorice extract [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 411-430]
  • Illicium verum Investigating the cardioprotective effects of Illicium verum Against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 155-176]
  • Immune Checkpoint Immunoregulatory response associated with persistent inflammation overexpression of PD-L1 and viral RNA detection in chronic suppurative otitis [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 105-122]
  • Immune modulation Expression of Toll-like receptor-9, CD28, and CD152 in chronic suppurative Otitis media evidence for innate-adaptive immune crosstalk in bacterial persistence [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 205-220]
  • Insulin Effect of different temperatures on blood glucose level, glucose tolerance test, and insulin tolerance test in mice [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 227-240]
  • Iraqi goats The genetic polymorphisms of the Visfatin gene and its association with milk production, its components, and some reproductive traits in local Iraqi goats [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 319-338]
  • Iron oxide nanoparticles Effect of nanoparticles on callus induction to produce secondary metabolites in Salvia hispanica L [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 213-230]

J

  • Japanese quail Effects of ultraviolet-B supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, and eggshell microbial traits in Japanese quail [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 535-550]

K

  • Kalanchoe pinnata extract Phytochemical richness and anti aging properties of Kalanchoe pinnata: Insights from antioxidant and elastase inhibition assays [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 457-480]
  • Keywords: gene expression Evaluation of Defence-Related Gene Expression in the Susceptible Apple Cultivar 'Prima' Against European Canker Using a Transcriptomics Approach [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 21-40]
  • Klebsiella aerogenes Natural immunomodulation of host defense against Klebsiella aerogenes: evidence from Licorice extract [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 411-430]

L

  • LC-MS/MS Photoprotective potential of black rice extract: LC-MS/MS profiling and cream optimization [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 419-438]
  • L-glutaminase Biological and organic remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil and its effects on soil biological activity and L-glutaminase enzyme activity [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 489-508]

M

  • Mass Spectrometry Proteome pattern changes in the leaf of two tolerant and sensitive sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris Spp. Vulgaris) genotypes under water deficit stress [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 1-26]
  • MDR Antibacterial and Antibiofilm effects of probiotic against Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria from clinical isolates [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 399-418]
  • Metarhizium anisopliae The bioactivity of Metarhizium anisopliae and Verticillium lecanii on immature and mature stages of the flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 313-330]
  • Mice Protective activity of Coriandrum sativum extract on methotrexate-induced genotoxicity in Swiss albino mice [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 181-196]
  • MiRNA Investigation of Pollen Source-Induced Variation in Fruit Size and Expression Pattern of Mir396a and its Target Gene During Fruit Developmental Stage in Prunus Arabica [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 1-20]
  • Misan Province Molecular diagnosis and genetic variation of the Jujube Blue Butterfly (Tarucus spp.) in Misan province, southern Iraq [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 505-518]
  • Molecular identification Molecular characterization of Chrysomya bezziana isolated from sheep and goats in Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 585-598]
  • Molecular markers Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure among some tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes using ISSR markers [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 139-162]
  • Monosteira buccata Effect of mutagenic ultraviolet radiation on adult Monosteira buccata Horv. (Hemiptera: Tingidae) isolated from poplar trees in Nineveh Forest [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 287-298]
  • MRSA-MDR Molecular identification of MRSA-MDR Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk samples in Baghdad province [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 163-180]

N

  • N-glycosylation Design, Construction, and Delivery of an sgRNA Expression Cassette for Targeted Mutagenesis of α-1,3-fucosyltransferase Gene in Lemna minor Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 135-156]

P

  • PatA Phylogeny of Aspergillus clavatus isolated from primary schools of Iraq and detection of its ability for production of Patulin [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 173-188]
  • Pathogenesis-Related genes Silicon dioxide nanoparticles enhance rice blast resistance in Oryza sativa [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 339-362]
  • Patulin Phylogeny of Aspergillus clavatus isolated from primary schools of Iraq and detection of its ability for production of Patulin [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 173-188]
  • PCR HLA-DQ2 gene association with Celiac disease in Babylon province, Iraq [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 123-136]
  • PCR Microscopic and molecular detection of Theileria annulata in cattle from Babylon province of Iraq [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 395-410]
  • PCSK9 Investigation the role of PCSk9 and IL-6 genes polymorphism in patients with CVD [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 189-204]
  • Phylogenetic Tree Phylogeny of Aspergillus clavatus isolated from primary schools of Iraq and detection of its ability for production of Patulin [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 173-188]
  • Phylogeny Molecular characterization of Chrysomya bezziana isolated from sheep and goats in Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 585-598]
  • Phytochemicals Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from phytochemicals and study of their physical and biological properties [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 221-238]
  • Population structure Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure among some tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes using ISSR markers [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 139-162]
  • PRDM14 Gene expression study of key regulators of germ layer formation in chicken embryos using RT-PCR technique [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 241-258]
  • Probiotics Antibacterial and Antibiofilm effects of probiotic against Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria from clinical isolates [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 399-418]
  • Promoter analysis Reconstruction of Gene and Protein Networks in Response to Salt Stress in Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) Using RNA-seq Data [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 69-114]
  • Protein-protein interaction network (PPI) Reconstruction of Gene and Protein Networks in Response to Salt Stress in Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) Using RNA-seq Data [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 69-114]
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antibacterial and Antibiofilm effects of probiotic against Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria from clinical isolates [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 399-418]
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa Expression of Toll-like receptor-9, CD28, and CD152 in chronic suppurative Otitis media evidence for innate-adaptive immune crosstalk in bacterial persistence [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 205-220]
  • Pyricularia oryzae Silicon dioxide nanoparticles enhance rice blast resistance in Oryza sativa [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 339-362]

Q

  • QRT-PCR Study of the effects of high protein intake on TCF7L2 gene expression and physiological antioxidant enzymes in liver of rat model [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 395-414]

R

  • Rat The therapeutic and immunomodulatory effects of black pomegranate peel extract (from Iraq) plus to sirolimus in an experimental rat’s model of ulcerative colitis [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 509-528]
  • Regeneration Production of Malus domestica L. virus free via meristem culture and the effects of pectin and phloroglucinol on its proliferation [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 27-54]
  • Renewable energy Investigating the role of marine plant biotechnology in carbon capture and sequestration initiatives [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 377-394]
  • Resistance Cultivar Evaluation of the morphological and molecular response of several tobacco cultivars to the tobacco fire blight pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 27-54]
  • Resistance genes Evaluation of the morphological and molecular response of several tobacco cultivars to the tobacco fire blight pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 27-54]
  • Resistance genes Investigation of genes responsible for antibiotics resistance in yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 267-282]
  • Rhinovirus Immunoregulatory response associated with persistent inflammation overexpression of PD-L1 and viral RNA detection in chronic suppurative otitis [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 105-122]
  • Rhizoctonia solani Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Trichoderma harzianum and extract of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) against Rhizoctonia solani the causal agent of tomato root rot disease [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 255-266]
  • RNA-Seq analysis Evaluation of Defence-Related Gene Expression in the Susceptible Apple Cultivar 'Prima' Against European Canker Using a Transcriptomics Approach [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 21-40]
  • Root rot Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Trichoderma harzianum and extract of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) against Rhizoctonia solani the causal agent of tomato root rot disease [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 255-266]
  • Rosemary Combined effect of chitosan and salicylic acid hormone on physiological and biochemical traits and expression of key genes of carnosic acid biosynthesis pathway in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 1-26]
  • Rosmarinic acid Effect of nanoparticles on callus induction to produce secondary metabolites in Salvia hispanica L [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 213-230]
  • Rosmarinus officinalis L Effect of humic acid and seaweed extract on growth, yield and essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 615-632]
  • RT-PCR Immunoregulatory response associated with persistent inflammation overexpression of PD-L1 and viral RNA detection in chronic suppurative otitis [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 105-122]
  • RT-qPCR Investigation of Pollen Source-Induced Variation in Fruit Size and Expression Pattern of Mir396a and its Target Gene During Fruit Developmental Stage in Prunus Arabica [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 1-20]

S

  • S100A1 mRNA expression S100A1 downregulation as a calcium-energetic marker in acute myocardial infarction: Correlation with angiogenic and inflammatory pathways [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 251-268]
  • S100A1 protein S100A1 downregulation as a calcium-energetic marker in acute myocardial infarction: Correlation with angiogenic and inflammatory pathways [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 251-268]
  • Salinity stress Reconstruction of Gene and Protein Networks in Response to Salt Stress in Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) Using RNA-seq Data [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 69-114]
  • SEM Sequential morphohistological and scanning electron microscopic developmental study of thymus at prenatal stages in Iraqi Awassi sheep fetuses [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 313-332]
  • SEM Developmental dynamics of spleen morphogenesis and histogenesis in local Iraqi Awassi sheep fetuses: Insights from light and scanning electron microscopy [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 453-476]
  • Sensitive cultivar Evaluation of the morphological and molecular response of several tobacco cultivars to the tobacco fire blight pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 27-54]
  • Somatic embryogenesis Developing hybrid tissue culture methods for disease-resistant marine algae in food industry applications [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 571-584]
  • SRF-Bio Phonska Plus Transformation of shrimp shell waste into biochar-nanochitosan slow-release fertilizer for enchanced maize productivity [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 449-466]
  • Staphylococcus aureus Expression of Toll-like receptor-9, CD28, and CD152 in chronic suppurative Otitis media evidence for innate-adaptive immune crosstalk in bacterial persistence [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 205-220]
  • Staphylococcus aureus Gene expression analysis of biofilm-associated and vancomycin stress-response genes in clinical Staphylococcus aureus [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 519-534]
  • Streptococcus mutans Molecular sequencing of collagen-binding adhesin genes in Streptococcus mutans isolated from patients with severe dental caries in Iraq [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 301-318]
  • Stx1 and Stx2 genes Detection and characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in drinking water from Baghdad city using phenotypic, immunological, and molecular methods [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 239-254]
  • Sugar beet Proteome analysis of suger beet root in response to drought stress [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 55-76]
  • Sunflower Reconstruction of Gene and Protein Networks in Response to Salt Stress in Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) Using RNA-seq Data [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 69-114]

T

  • T2DM Correlation of ACE (I/D) gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus and post-recovery from Covid-19 in Iraqi patients: A case-control investigation [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 281-300]
  • TALEN The most important techniques for gene and genome editing [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 41-68]
  • Tarucus theophrastus Molecular diagnosis and genetic variation of the Jujube Blue Butterfly (Tarucus spp.) in Misan province, southern Iraq [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 505-518]
  • TBA Effect of adding different concentrations of tarragon on chemical, cooking, and microbial properties of refrigerated beef patties [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 599-614]
  • Theileria annulata Microscopic and molecular detection of Theileria annulata in cattle from Babylon province of Iraq [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 395-410]
  • Thymus Sequential morphohistological and scanning electron microscopic developmental study of thymus at prenatal stages in Iraqi Awassi sheep fetuses [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 313-332]
  • Tissue culture technology Evaluating the process of disseminating tissue culture technology for date palms in Diyala province [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 177-196]
  • TNF-α Deleterious effects of inflammatory cytokines induced by endotoxin on hepato-renal functions and attenuating role of estrogen in vivo [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 259-280]
  • TNF-α S100A1 downregulation as a calcium-energetic marker in acute myocardial infarction: Correlation with angiogenic and inflammatory pathways [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 251-268]
  • TNF-α Integrated Protein and Gene Expression Analysis of S100A1 and S100A8/A9 Demonstrates Coordinated Dysregulation of Calcium Homeostasis, Innate Immune Activation, and Angiogenic Signaling in Acute Myocardial Infarction [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 477-504]
  • Toll-like receptor 9 Expression of Toll-like receptor-9, CD28, and CD152 in chronic suppurative Otitis media evidence for innate-adaptive immune crosstalk in bacterial persistence [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 205-220]
  • Tomato Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure among some tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes using ISSR markers [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 139-162]
  • Tomato Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Trichoderma harzianum and extract of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) against Rhizoctonia solani the causal agent of tomato root rot disease [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 255-266]
  • Transgenic plants Evaluation of the morphological and molecular response of several tobacco cultivars to the tobacco fire blight pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 27-54]
  • Tribolium castaneum The bioactivity of Metarhizium anisopliae and Verticillium lecanii on immature and mature stages of the flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 313-330]
  • Trichoderma harzianum Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Trichoderma harzianum and extract of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) against Rhizoctonia solani the causal agent of tomato root rot disease [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 255-266]
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus Effect of different temperatures on blood glucose level, glucose tolerance test, and insulin tolerance test in mice [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 227-240]

U

  • Ultraviolet radiation Effect of mutagenic ultraviolet radiation on adult Monosteira buccata Horv. (Hemiptera: Tingidae) isolated from poplar trees in Nineveh Forest [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 287-298]
  • UVB Effects of ultraviolet-B supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, and eggshell microbial traits in Japanese quail [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 535-550]

V

  • VEGF S100A1 downregulation as a calcium-energetic marker in acute myocardial infarction: Correlation with angiogenic and inflammatory pathways [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 251-268]
  • VEGF-A Integrated Protein and Gene Expression Analysis of S100A1 and S100A8/A9 Demonstrates Coordinated Dysregulation of Calcium Homeostasis, Innate Immune Activation, and Angiogenic Signaling in Acute Myocardial Infarction [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 477-504]
  • Verticillium lecanii The bioactivity of Metarhizium anisopliae and Verticillium lecanii on immature and mature stages of the flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 313-330]
  • Vitamin C Effect of lemon juice in the growth, physiological traits, proline and antioxidants of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) plant growing in water stress [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 373-394]
  • VITEK 2 The immunomodulation of Nelumbo nucifera seed extract on rabbits infected with Enterobacter cloacae complex [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 431-452]

W

  • Western Zagros Genetic Diversity of Pistacia Species in Iraqi Kurdistan and Yazd, Iran: Insights from ISSR Markers [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 115-134]
  • Whey protein Expression of human alpha-lactalbumin using a chloroplast-based construct in Escherichia coli [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 77-96]
  • Wild pistachio Genetic Diversity of Pistacia Species in Iraqi Kurdistan and Yazd, Iran: Insights from ISSR Markers [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 115-134]

X

  • Xenia Investigation of Pollen Source-Induced Variation in Fruit Size and Expression Pattern of Mir396a and its Target Gene During Fruit Developmental Stage in Prunus Arabica [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 1-20]

Z

  • ZFN The most important techniques for gene and genome editing [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 41-68]