تاثیر گزینش ژن Ppd-D1a و زودسنبله‌‌دهی بر صفات مهم زراعی گندم نان (Triticum aestivum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

2 زراعت و اصلاح نباتات- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

3 کرمان عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

چکیده

هدف: ژن‌‌­های کنترل‌‌­کننده فتوپریود (Ppd) مهم‌­ترین گروه ژنی کنترل‌‌­‌کننده زودرسی در گندم نان هستند. هدف این پژوهش بررسی این ژن­‌ها در ارقام ایرانی و بررسی نقش Ppd-D1a در زودرسی بود.
مواد و روش­‌ها: زودرسی با استفاده از تلاقی برگشتی از اکسکلیبر به رقم­‌های کل‌حیدری، روشن و مهدوی منتقل و نسل BC1F3 ایجاد شد. ژن­‌های کنترل‌­کننده فتوپریود Ppd-A1، Ppd-B1 و Ppd-D1 در ارقام ایرانی با استفاده از آغازگر‌های اختصاصی بررسی شد. با استفاده از آنالیز تفرق بالک مکان ژنی Ppd-D1 در نتاج زودرس سه جمعیت بررسی گردید. با ارزیابی دوساله در مزرعه، تاثیر گزینش برای زودرسی بر صفات مهم زراعی گندم نان بررسی شد.
نتایج: ارقام مهدوی، قدس، کل­‌حیدری، سرداری، روشن، کویر، اکسکلیبر و شاه‌­پسند داری ژن‌­های Ppd-A1b و Ppd-B1b بودند. کل­‌حیدری، سرداری، روشن و کویر آلل Ppd-D1b و مهدوی، قدس، اکسکلیبر و شاه‌­پسند آلل Ppd-D1a را دارا بودند. ارزیابی بالک 10% از زودسنبله­‌ده‌­ترین نتاج نسل BC1F3 جمعیت‌­ها نشان داد همه نتاج زودرس دارای ژن Ppd-D1a بودند. زودسنبله‌­دهی و زودرسی همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌­داری داشتند. با این وجود، تعداد روز تا سنبله­‌دهی با طول دوره پر‌شدن دانه همبستگی منفی و معنی­‌داری داشت، که باعث افزایش وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در بوته و عملکرد دانه شد. گزینش برای زود‌سنبله­‌دهی باعث افزایش ارتفاع بوته، اندازه برگ، تعداد سنبله در بوته، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه و کاهش طول سنبله، طول ریشک و تعداد پنجه­‌های نابارور شد.
نتیجه گیری: گزینش به کمک نشانگر و یا تلاقی برگشتی به کمک نشانگر برای ژن Ppd-D1a می‌­تواند باعث زودرسی گندم نان شود. گزینش برای زود‌سنبله‌­دهی باعث بهبود این صفت در زمینه ژنتیکی روشن، کل‌‌­حیدری و مهدوی به ترتیب به مدت 13، 14 و 10 روز شد. در شرایط کرمان، گزینش برای زودرسی باعث بهبود اکثر صفات مهم تاثیر‌‌گذار بر عملکرد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of selection for Ppd-D1a gene and early heading on important agronomic trait of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahrzad Froudisefat 1
  • Roohollah Abdolshahi 2
  • Mehdi Mohayeji 3
1 Department of agronomy and plant breeding, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
2 Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
3 Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
چکیده [English]

Objective
 Photoperiod controlling genes (Ppd) are the most important genes groups that modify early heading in bread wheat. The aim of this research was to evaluate Ppd genes in Iranian cultivars, and also assessing the effect of Ppd-D1a on earliness trait.
 
Material and methods
 Earliness was transferred from Excalibur to Kalhaydari, Roshan and Mahdavi cultivars using backcross method to generate BC1F3 generation. Three photoperiod controlling genes including Ppd-A1, Ppd-B1 and Ppd-D1 were assessed in Iranian cultivars using PCR by specific primers. Bulk segregation analysis of Ppd-D1 loci was done for early heading genotypes in three populations. Two years field evaluation were conducted to show the effect of selection for earliness on important agronomic traits of bread wheat.
 
Results
 Mahdavi, Ghods, Kalhaydari, Sardari, Roshan, Kavir, Excalibur and Shahpasand were containing Ppd-A1b and Ppd-B1b. Kalhaydari, Sardari, Roshan and Kavir were containing Ppd-D1b, while Mahdavi, Ghods, Excalibur and Shahpasand were possessed Ppd-D1a. Bulk segregation analysis of 10% of the earliest heading BC1F3 populations showed that early heading progenies were possessing Ppd-D1a. Positive significant correlation was observed between early heading and earliness. Meanwhile, days to heading had a negative correlation with grain filling period. Longer grain filling period improved 1000-grain weight, grain number per plant and grain yield. Selection for early heading improved plant height, leaf size, spike number per plant, seed number per plant, 1000-grain weight and grain yield, while decreased spike length, awn length and infertile tiller number.
 
Conclusions
 Marker assisted selection or marker assisted backcross of Ppd-D1a gene could improve earliness in bread wheat. Early heading was improved in Roshan, Kalhaydari and Mahdavi background for 13, 14 and 1o days, respectively. Selection for early heading improved the most important grain yield related agronomic traits in Kerman condition. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Earliness
  • photoperiod genes (Ppd)
  • grain filling period
  • correspondence response

مراجع

 
درانی‌نژاد مریم؛ عبدالشاهی روح اله؛ کاظمی‌پور علی؛ مقصودی مود علی اکبر (1398) تاثیر زودسنبله‌‌دهی بر عملکرد و اجزای  عملکرد در سه زمینه ژنتیکی متفاوت گندم نان ایرانی. نشریه زراعت دیم ایران، جلد 8: صفحات 141-152.
نظری محسن؛ ایزانلو علی؛ قادری محمد قادر؛ علیزاده زهره (1395) بررسی تنوع آللی ژن‌های VRN1 و Ppd1 در ارقام مختلف گندم نان. مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، دوره 8 صفحات 111-124.
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مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی
دوره 12، شماره 3
آبان 1399
صفحه 25-44

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