ارزیابی تنوع مورفولوژیکی و ژنتیکی جمعیت‌های Pulicaria gnaphalodes در بخشی از جنوب شرق ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

3 ، مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و طب سنتی، دانشکده داروسازی، دانشگاه عوم پزشکی،کرمان، ایران

4 گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید باهنر، کرمان، ایران

5 پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی جهاد دانشگاهی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

هدف: گیاه دارویی و معطر Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss معروف به گیاه کک کش یکی از گسترده‌ترین گونه‌های بیابانی است که به‌صورت وحشی در مناطق وسیعی از ایران رشد می‌کند. این گیاه منبع فلاونوئیدها و ترپن‌ها است که در طب سنتی کاربرد‌های متعددی دارد. با توجه به اهمیت دارویی این گیاه، هدف این تحقیق بررسی و مقایسه کارایی نشانگرهای مولکولی و مورفولوژیکی در تفکیک جمعیت‌های آن بود
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش 20 جمعیت از این گونه از استان‌های کرمان، فارس، یزد و هرمزگان جمع‌آوری و تنوع ژنتیکی آنها با استفاده از 10 صفت مورفولوژیکی و 25 آغازگر ISSR مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نمونه‌گیری برای استخراج DNA در بهار و نمونه‌گیری برای بررسی‌های مورفولوژیکی در انتهای فصل رشد در تابستان انجام شد.
نتایج: در بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی بین جمعیت‌ها، در مجموع 150 نوار تکثیر شد که از این تعداد 139 مورد آن (67/92 درصد) چند‌شکل بودند. میانگین تعداد آلل‌های موثر (Ne) و هتروزیگوسیتی مورد‌ انتظار (uHe) به‌ترتیب 47/1 و 288/0 بود. دندروگرام رسم شده با استفاده از روش Wards، این تجزیه جمعیت‌ها را به دو گروه اصلی تقسیم نمود. خوشه‌ کوچک‌تر شامل جمعیت‌های 15، 18 و 19 بود و سایر جمعیت‌ها در خوشه بزرگ قرار گرفتند. ارتباط ضعیفی بین الگوی تنوع ژنتیکی جمعیت‌ها و داده‌های GIS مشاهده شد. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه به عامل‌ها برای صفات مورفولوژیک نشان داد که سه مؤلفه اصلی (مولفه‌های زایشی، سطح برگ و رویشی) با مقادیر ویژه بیش از یک، 24/69 درصد از کل تنوع را توجیه نمودند. این سه عامل به ترتیب 77/28، 05/21 و 42/19 درصد از تغییرات داده‌ها را تبیین کردند. تجزیه به عامل‌ها جمعیت‌های مورد مطالعه را به دو گروه مشخص تقسیم نمود.
نتیجه‌گیری: در مطالعه حاضر، سطوح بالایی از تنوع ژنتیکی و مورفولوژیکی بین جمعیت‌های P. gnaphalodes مشاهده شد به نحوی که پراکندگی‌های جغرافیایی تاثیر کمی در تنوع ژنتیکی جمعیت‌ها داشت. به‌نظر می‌رسد عواملی نظیر چند ساله بودن گیاه، سیستم گرده‌افشانی، خود‌ناسازگاری، پراکندگی بذر توسط باد و جریان ژن، از تنوع ژنتیکی بالای جمعیت‌ها حمایت کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of morphologic and genetic diversity of Pulicaria gnaphalodes populations collected from south-east of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Hassanabadi 1
  • Mehdi Mohayeji 2
  • Fariba Sharififar 3
  • Mansour Mirtadzadini 4
  • Ali Mehrafarin 5
1 Student of Horticulture, Medicinal Plants, Islamic Azad University, Faculty of Science, Tehran Research, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Genetics and Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
3 Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
4 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
5 Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj
چکیده [English]

Objective
Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss, known as Kak-Kosh, is a desert-adapted species that has been widely distributed throughout Iran. This plant is a source of flavonoids and terpenes that are used in traditional medicine. Considering the medicinal importance of this plant, the aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of molecular and morphological markers to separate the populations.
Materials and methods
In this research, 20 populations of this species were collected from Kerman, Fars, Yazd and Hormozgan provinces and their genetic diversity was analyzed using 10 morphological traits and 25 ISSR primers. Sampling for genetic and morphological studies were carried out in spring and late summer, respectively.
Results
A total of 150 ISSR marker fragments were scored and 139 bands were found to be polymorphic [the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB): 92.67%]. The average number of effective alleles (Ne) and expected Heterozygosity (uHe) for the amplification products were 1.470 and 0.288 respectively. Both Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) and UPGMA cluster analysis supported the clustering of all the populations into two groups. Small cluster contained populations 15, 18 and 19 and other populations were placed in a large Cluster. A weak relationship was observed between genetic diversity and GIS data. The Factor Analysis (FA) results for morphological traits detected three principal components with Eigen value greater than one (reproductive, leaf area, and vegetative components), which explained 69.24% of the total variability. These three components explained 28.77, 21.05 and 19.42 percentage of variability respectively. The FA analysis separated a group from the other populations.
Conclusions
In the present study, high levels of genetic and morphologic diversity were found between P. gnaphalodes populations. So that geographical separations have a weak effect on genetic diversity of populations. It seems that some probable factors such as perianality, self-incompatibility, pollination system, seed dispersal by wind, and gene flow could support achieving the population in a high level of genetic diversity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fleabane
  • Genetic variation
  • Morphological diversity
  • ISSR Marker
مجرد م، حسینی سرقین س، سنبلی ع، حیدری ر (1397). بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی جمعیت‌های گونه Tanacetum polycephalum آذربایجان‌غربی با استفاده از نشانگر مولکولی ISSR. تحقیقات ژنتیک و اصلاح گیاهان مرتعی و جنگلی ایران، 26(2)، 268-278.‎
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