نقش پروستاگلاندین F2α و TGFγ همراه با پلی‌مورفیسم IL-1β در گوساله‌های آلوده به بابزیا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشگاه فنی میانه، مؤسسه فناوری پزشکی/ بغداد، رشته فناوری تولید پروتز و ارتز، بغداد، عراق

چکیده

هدف: بابزیوز در گوساله‌ها توسط Babesia bovis ایجاد می‌شود. این بیماری پاسخ‌های التهابی و ایمنی‌تنظیمی شدیدی را القا می‌کند و در شدت بیماری نقش مؤثری دارد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی سطوح سرمی IgM، IgG، IL-1β، IL-6، TGF-γ و پروستاگلاندین F2α (PGF2α) در گوساله‌های مبتلا به عفونت طبیعی و همچنین بررسی پلی‌مورفیسم تک‌نوکلئوتیدی (SNP) rs16944 در ژن IL-1β بود. علاوه بر این، قابلیت این شاخص‌ها به‌عنوان نشانگرهای تغییرات ایمنی و ژنتیکی مرتبط با عفونت مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: در مجموع ۳۶ گوساله آلوده به بابزیا بر اساس علائم بالینی (تب، کم‌خونی، یرقان، هماچوری و آلودگی به کنه) و سابقه بیماری انتخاب شدند. همچنین ۲۴ گوساله سالم به‌عنوان گروه کنترل مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. نمونه خون از ورید حیوانات جمع‌آوری شد. برای سنجش مقادیر IgM، IgG، IL-1β، IL-6، TGF-γ و PGF2α از کیت‌های معتبر الایزا استفاده شد. برای بررسی ژنوتیپ rs16944 ژن IL-1β از روش PCR و توالی‌یابی سانگر بهره گرفته شد. تحلیل آماری با آزمون t و تحلیل همبستگی در سطح معنی‌داری P < 0.05 انجام شد.
نتایج: مقایسه گوساله‌های آلوده با گروه کنترل نشان داد که سطوح سرمی IgM و IgG در آنها به‌طور معنی‌داری بالاتر است (P ≤ 0.001)، که بیانگر فعال‌شدن قوی پاسخ ایمنی هومورال می‌باشد. سیتوکین‌های پیش‌التهابی IL-1β و IL-6 نیز به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافتند که نشان‌دهنده وقوع پاسخ التهابی شدید است که مشخصه بابزیوز حاد است. علاوه بر این، سطح TGF-γ نیز در گوساله‌های آلوده به‌طور معنی‌داری بالاتر بود که نشان‌دهنده فعال شدن مسیرهای تنظیمی برای تعادل التهاب است. افزایش غلظت PGF2α نیز نشان‌دهنده نقش آن در اختلالات عروقی و التهابی مرتبط با عفونت بود. همچنین مشخص شد که در تعدادی از گوساله‌های آلوده، ژنوتیپ وحشی CC به نوع TT تبدیل شده است؛ بنابراین می‌توان گفت که بین این SNP و افزایش حساسیت یا پاسخ التهابی شدیدتر، ارتباط بالقوه‌ای وجود دارد.
نتیجه‌گیری: یک تعامل پیچیده میان پلی‌مورفیسم IL-1β، ایمونوگلوبولین‌ها، فعالیت پروستاگلاندین و سیتوکین‌ها در گوساله‌های مبتلا به بابزیوز مشاهده شد. تغییرات قابل‌توجه این بیومارکرها نشان می‌دهد که آن‌ها از ارزش تشخیصی بالقوه برخوردارند و می‌توانند برای درک بهتر ایمنی‌زایی بیماری ناشی از Babesia bovis مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. تنوع ژنتیکی مشاهده‌شده در rs16944 ممکن است یک عامل خطر افزوده باشد که بر پیامد بیماری تأثیر می‌گذارد. این یافته‌ها می‌توانند در توسعه روش‌های بهتر برای تشخیص، پیش‌آگهی و مدیریت بیماری مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Role of prostaglandin F2α and TGFϒ with polymorphism of IL-1β in calves infected with Babesia

نویسنده [English]

  • Amal Hasan Atiyah
Middle Technical University, Institute of Medical Technology/ Baghdad Prosthesis and Orthosis Production Techniques, Baghdad, Iraq.
چکیده [English]

Objective
Babesiosis is caused by Babesia bovis in calves. The disease induces strong inflammatory and immunomodulatory responses and is influential in the severity of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of IgM, IgG, IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-γ and prostaglandin F2α in naturally infected calves and to study the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16944 of the IL-1β gene. In addition, to investigate their potential as markers of immunological and genetic changes associated with infection.

Materials and Methods
A total of 36 Babesia-infected calves were selected. The selection was based on clinical signs (fever, anemia, jaundice, hematuria, and tick infestation) and medical history. Also, 24 healthy calves were selected as the control group. Blood was collected from the animals' veins. Validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to evaluate and analyze the sera for IgM, IgG, IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-γ, and PGF2α. PCR and Sanger sequencing were used to study the IL-1β rs16944. t-tests and correlation analysis at a significance level of P < 0.05 were used for statistical analysis.

Results
Comparison of infected calves with the control group showed that serum IgM and IgG levels were significantly higher in them than in the control group (P ≤ 0.001). This indicates that the humoral immune response was strongly activated in them. The proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 were also significantly increased. This also proves that the intense inflammatory response that is characteristic of acute babesiosis occurred. In addition, the level of TGF-γ was also significantly higher in infected calves. This indicated that regulatory pathways to balance inflammation were effectively activated. Increased PGF2α concentration was also shown to be involved in vascular and inflammatory disorders associated with infection. It was found that in several infected calves the wild-type CC genotype was converted to the TT type. Therefore, it can be said that there is a potential relationship between this SNP and increased susceptibility or increased inflammatory response.

Conclusions
A complex interaction between IL-1βpolymorphisms, immunoglobulins, prostaglandin activity, and cytokines was observed in calves infected with Babesiosis. These significant changes in these biomarkers indicate that they have potential diagnostic value. Therefore, they can be used to better understand the immunopathogenesis of Babesia bovis infection. The genetic variation observed in rs16944 may be an additional risk factor that can influence the outcome of the disease. These findings can potentially be used to develop improved diagnostic, prognostic, and disease management strategies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Babesia
  • calves
  • polymorphism of IL-1β
  • prostaglandin PGF2α and TGFϒ

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مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی
دوره 18، شماره 2
خرداد 1405
صفحه 157-172

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