نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 مؤسسه فنی المسیب، دانشگاه فنی الفرات الاوسط، بابل، عراق.
2 دانشکده فنی المسیب، دانشگاه فنی الفرات الاوسط، بابل 51009، عراق
3 دانشکده فنی المسیب، دانشگاه فنی الفرات الاوسط، بابل 51009، عراق.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Objective
Root rot is a serious disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). It caused by the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia solani. This disease leads to major yield losses in tomato production worldwide. The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify the most virulent isolate of R. solani. Moreover, we aimed to evaluate the biocontrol ability of Trichoderma harzianum and aqueous clove (Syzygium aromaticum) extract. The aim was to evaluate both individually and in combination against tomato root rot under laboratory and greenhouse conditions.
Materials and methods
Several isolates of R. solani were obtained and tested for pathogenicity. Among them, isolate R4 showed the highest virulence. It has 100% disease incidence and 98.67% disease severity. So, it was selected for further experiments. Aqueous clove extract was prepared at concentrations of 5% and 10%. Trichoderma harzianum was cultured and applied as a spore suspension. Dual culture assays in vitro were used to evaluate the antifungal effects of these agents firstly. After that, greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess their effects on disease incidence, disease severity, and plant growth parameters. LSD test at a 5% significance level was statistically used to analyze data.
Results
In vitro results showed that both T. harzianum and clove extract significantly inhibited the growth of R. solani. Complete inhibition of fungal growth was observed when both agents were applied together. In greenhouse experiments, the combined treatment of T. harzianum and clove extract significantly reduced disease incidence (13.33%) and disease severity (9.33%), in comparison to the infected control. In addition, this treatment improved tomato plant growth. Because it resulted in higher fresh weight (43.33 g), dry weight (9.33 g), shoot length (46.33 cm), and root length (10.33 cm).
Conclusion
The findings of the current study shows that Trichoderma harzianum and clove extract work synergistically to control Rhizoctonia solani. This natural and eco-friendly method can effectively reduce tomato root rot. It also can increase plant growth. This combination shows strong potential as a safe alternative to chemical fungicides. Therefore, it is better to further evaluate it under field and laboratory conditions.
کلیدواژهها [English]