بررسی ژن‌های مسئول مقاومت آنتی‌بیوتیکی در مخمر Zygosaccharomyces rouxii

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشکده علوم، گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشگاه موصل، موصل، عراق.

چکیده

هدف: هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی محل ژنتیکی ژن‌های مقاومت به آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها و فلزات سنگین در مخمرهایZygosaccharomyces rouxii و Candida tropicalis بود. این مخمرها از برگ‌های درخت نارنگی جمع‌آوری‌شده از شهر موصل جداسازی شدند. تمرکز اصلی پژوهش بر تعیین این موضوع بود که آیا ژن‌های مقاومت بر روی DNA پلاسمیدی قرار دارند یا بر روی DNA کروموزومی.
مواد و روش‌ها: ایزوله‌های مخمری Z. rouxii و C. tropicalis از نظر وجود DNA پلاسمیدی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. برای تعیین محل ژن‌های مقاومت، از دو روش استفاده شد. روش نخست شامل حذف پلاسمید (plasmid curing) با استفاده از اتیدیوم بروماید با غلظت ۱۵۰ میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر بود. این تیمار برای هر دو گونه مخمری به‌منظور حذف DNA پلاسمیدی اعمال شد. پس از حذف پلاسمید، حساسیت کلنی‌های مخمری نسبت به آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها و فلزات سنگین مختلف بررسی گردید. الکتروفورز ژل برای تأیید حذف یا باقی‌ماندن DNA پلاسمیدی به کار رفت. روش دوم شامل آزمایش‌های کونژوگاسیون برای بررسی انتقال DNA پلاسمیدی بین ایزوله‌های مخمری بود. در این روش، Z. rouxii به‌عنوان سویه دهنده و C. tropicalis حذف‌پلاسمیدشده به‌عنوان سویه گیرنده مورد استفاده قرار گرفت.
نتایج: حذف پلاسمید در هر دو گونه مخمری با موفقیت انجام شد، به‌طوری که بسیاری از کلنی‌های حذف‌پلاسمیدشده نسبت به آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها و فلزات سنگین مورد آزمایش حساس شدند. در Z. rouxii، درصد حذف پلاسمید بین 12% تا 94% متغیر بود، به‌جز در مورد سفالکسین مونوهیدرات و سولفات روی (ZnSO₄) که مقاومت از بین نرفت. در C. tropicalis، میزان از دست رفتن مقاومت برای آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها بین 17% تا 80% و برای فلزات سنگین بین 15% تا 85% بود، به‌جز در مورد کتوکونازول و ZnSO₄ . این نتایج نشان می‌دهد که مقاومت به این عوامل احتمالاً توسط DNA کروموزومی کدگذاری می‌شود. نتایج ژل الکتروفورز نیز این یافته‌ها را تأیید کرد. آزمایش‌های کونژوگاسیون انتقال موفق پلاسمید از Z. rouxii به C. tropicalis حذف‌پلاسمیدشده را نشان داد، به‌طوری که فراوانی کونژوگاسیون برابر با ‎0.84 × 10⁻⁸‎ بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: این مطالعه نشان داد که ژن‌های مقاومت در Z. rouxii و C. tropicalis می‌توانند بر روی DNA پلاسمیدی یا کروموزومی قرار داشته باشند. مشخص شد که پلاسمید منتقل‌شده از Z. rouxii حامل ژن‌های مقاومت به نیستاتین است. این یافته می‌تواند نقش مهم DNA پلاسمیدی را در بروز مقاومت آنتی‌بیوتیکی تأیید کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of genes responsible for antibiotics resistance in yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii

نویسنده [English]

  • Badia Abdul Razzaq Malla Obaida
College of Science, Department of Biology, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.
چکیده [English]

Objective
The aim of the present study was to identify the genetic location of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance in the yeasts Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and Candida tropicalis. These yeasts were isolated from mandarin tree leaves collected in Mosul. The study focused on determining whether resistance genes were located on plasmid DNA or chromosomal DNA.
Materials and methods
Yeast isolates of Z. rouxii and C. tropicalis were examined for the presence of plasmid DNA. Two methods were used to locate resistance genes. The first method involved plasmid curing using ethidium bromide at a concentration of 150 µg mL⁻¹. This treatment was applied to both yeast species to remove plasmid DNA. After curing, the sensitivity of yeast colonies to different antibiotics and heavy metals was tested. Gel electrophoresis was used to confirm the loss or retention of plasmid DNA. The second method involved conjugation experiments to study the transfer of plasmid DNA between yeast isolates. In this method, Z. rouxii was used as the donor strain and cured C. tropicalis was used as the recipient strain.
Results
Plasmid curing was successful in both yeast species. Because many cured colonies became sensitive to the tested antibiotics and heavy metals. In Z. rouxii, the curing percentage ranged from 12% to 94%, except for cephalexin monohydrate and zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄), where resistance was not lost. In C. tropicalis, loss of resistance ranged from 17% to 80% for antibiotics and from 15% to 85% for heavy metals, except for ketoconazole and ZnSO₄. These results suggest that resistance to these agents is encoded on chromosomal DNA. Gel electrophoresis supported these findings. Conjugation experiments showed successful plasmid transfer from Z. rouxii to cured C. tropicalis, with a conjugation frequency of 0.84 × 10⁻⁸.
Conclusions
The study demonstrated that resistance genes in Z. rouxii and C. tropicalis can be located on either plasmid or chromosomal DNA. The transferred plasmid from Z. rouxii was found to carry resistance genes for nystatin. It can confirm the role of plasmid DNA in antibiotic resistance

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antibiotic
  • Candida tropicalis
  • conjugation
  • plasmids
  • resistance genes
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