بررسی نقش زیست‌فناوری گیاهان دریایی در طرح‌های جذب و ذخیره‌سازی کربن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی دریایی، دانشگاهAMET، کاناتور، تامیل‌نادو، 603112، هند.

2 گروه علوم دریانوردی، دانشگاه AMET، کاناتور، تامیل‌نادو، 603112، هند.

چکیده

هدف: این مطالعه به بررسی ظرفیت زیست‌سوخت‌های تولیدشده از جلبک‌های دریایی به‌عنوان منبع زیست‌توده‌ای مهم برای تولید زیست‌سوخت‌های نسل سوم می‌پردازد. هدف اصلی پژوهش، ارزیابی نقش جلبک‌های دریایی به‌عنوان منبع زیست‌توده در تولید زیست‌سوخت‌های نسل سوم و کارایی آن‌ها در کاهش دی‌اکسیدکربن محیط‌زیست است. با توجه به محتوای نسبتاً بالای کربوهیدرات در جلبک‌های دریایی، این موجودات به‌عنوان گزینه‌ای مناسب برای جذب CO₂ و تولید زیست‌سوخت پیشنهاد شده‌اند. با وجود آن‌که زیست‌سوخت‌های نسل سوم به‌عنوان جایگزین‌های برتر برای نفت و گازوئیل مطرح شده‌اند، تولید در مقیاس وسیع و استفاده گسترده از آن‌ها همچنان به دلیل چالش‌های فناورانه و هزینه‌های بالای تولید محدود باقی مانده است.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این مقاله، مفهوم پالایشگاه‌های زیستی دریایی ساحلی به‌عنوان روشی اقتصادی و سازگار با محیط‌زیست برای تولید زیست‌سوخت از گیاهان آبزی همراه با فناوری جذب و ذخیره‌سازی کربن (CCS) تشریح شده است. فناوری پیشنهادی از منابع دریایی شامل آب شور، جلبک‌های دریایی و میکروارگانیسم‌های آبزی بهره می‌گیرد. ابتدا مرور جامعی بر مطالعات پیشین انجام شد تا فناوری‌های لازم برای توسعه یک سامانه نوآورانه بیوراکتور و مزایای آن نسبت به پالایشگاه‌های سنتی شناسایی شود. همچنین، سناریوهای مختلفی برای ارزیابی ظرفیت جلبک‌های دریایی در جذب و ذخیره‌سازی کربن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که مزارع کشت جلبک دریایی می‌توانند حدود ۱۲۰ گیگاتن CO₂ اضافی را در بازه زمانی تقریبی ۵ ماه (در مقایسه با ۱۳ سال در شرایط معمول) جذب کنند؛ این میزان به منطقه کشت و نوع جلبک مورد استفاده بستگی دارد. از زیست‌توده جمع‌آوری‌شده، حدود ۵ تریلیون لیتر بیواتانول قابل تولید است. همچنین، ترکیبات با ارزش افزوده بالا (HVC) استخراج‌شده از این فرآیند دارای ظرفیت اقتصادی چند میلیارد دلاری هستند.
نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش، پالایشگاه زیستی دریایی ساحلی فناوری نوظهور و بسیار امیدبخشی برای مقابله با تغییرات اقلیمی و تأمین نیازهای انرژی به شمار می‌رود. اگرچه از نظر تئوری، تولید زیست‌سوخت با این فناوری امکان‌پذیر و مطلوب است، اما در عمل چالش‌هایی وجود دارد. ترکیب زیست‌توده دریایی، میکروارگانیسم‌های تجزیه‌کننده جلبک و فناوری‌های پیشرفته می‌تواند کارایی تولید زیست‌سوخت در مقیاس صنعتی را افزایش دهد. همچنین، تولید در مقیاس بزرگ می‌تواند منجر به تولید محصولات جانبی متعددی شود که از نظر اقتصادی در بازار ارزشمند هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the role of marine plant biotechnology in carbon capture and sequestration initiatives

نویسندگان [English]

  • Koki Panneerselvam 1
  • C. Rajendran 2
1 Department of Marine Engineering, AMET University, Kanathur, Tamilnadu, 603112, India.
2 Department of Nautical Science, AMET University, Kanathur, Tamilnadu, 603112, India.
چکیده [English]

Objective
This study shows the potential of the biofuel produced by the seaweeds (SW) provides a significant biomass (BM) source for manufacturing third-generation biofuels (BF). The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of seaweed as a biomass in third-generation biofuel production and its efficacy in decreasing the environmental carbon dioxide. Considering these attributes jointly, Seaweeds comparatively elevated carbohydrate content has been proposed as an optimal solution for CO2 collection and biofuel generation. Despite the emergence of third-generation Biofuels as superior alternatives to petroleum and diesel, large-scale manufacturing and widespread use remain absent owing to several technological obstacles and elevated production costs.
Materials and methods
This paper elucidates the notion of coastal marine Biological Refineries (BR) as the most economical and ecological method for biofuel generation from aquatic plants, with atmospheric Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS). The proposed refinery technology utilizes marine resources, including saltwater, seaweed, and aquatic microbes. Initially, a comprehensive review of the existing literature was conducted to identify the technologies that would facilitate the development of an innovative bioreactor system and its advantages over traditional refineries. In addition, the research examines several scenarios evaluating the capacity of seaweeds for Carbon Capture and Sequestration.


Results
The study illustrates that seaweed cultivation facilities accomplish the extraction of 120 Gigatons of surplus CO2 within a timeframe of around 5 months rather than 13 years, contingent upon the region of cultivation and the type of seaweed used—the amount of bioethanol produced from the collected biomass amounts to approximately 5 trillion liters. The High-Value Compounds (HVC) extracted from the process signify a substantial possibility with multi-billion-dollar economic potential.
Conclusions
Based on this study this coastal marine biorefinery represents a highly promising but still emerging technology for addressing climate change and the energy needs. By the current technology, the achievement of the biofuel is theoretically best but in reality, it is difficult. But the combination of the marine biomass, marine microbes that can break down the seaweed, and the advanced technology can improve the efficiency of producing the biofuel on a large scale. Also, the large-scale production can give multiple by-products that can be economically important in the market.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • bioethanol
  • biorefineries
  • coastal sustainability
  • renewable energy
  • seaweed biorefinery

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مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی
دوره 18، شماره 2
خرداد 1405
صفحه 377-394

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