شناسایی مولکولی هفت گونه کرم خاکی (Annelida: Oligochaeta) با استفاده از بارکدینگ DNA ناحیه ژنی 18S rRNA و ارتباط آن‌ها با ویژگی‌های خاک در استان بابل، عراق

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه بابل، عراق

چکیده

هدف: این مطالعه با هدف شناسایی و طبقه‌بندی گونه‌های کرم خاکی موجود در استان بابل عراق با استفاده از روش‌های مولکولی انجام شد و همچنین تأثیر عوامل محیطی بر پراکنش و فراوانی این گونه‌ها بررسی گردید. با توجه به کمبود پژوهش‌ها در زمینه کرم‌های خاکی در عراق، این تحقیق سعی دارد درک روشن‌تری از تنوع گونه‌ای در این منطقه ارائه داده و بررسی کند که تغییرات ویژگی‌های خاک تا چه میزان بر حضور بوم‌شناختی این ارگانیسم‌ها اثر می‌گذارد.
مواد و روش‌ها: کار میدانی در سه ایستگاه بوم‌شناختی متمایز در استان بابل که شرایط زیست‌محیطی و کاربری متفاوتی داشتند، انجام شد. نمونه‌برداری در سه فصل پاییز، زمستان و بهار در بازه زمانی ۲۰۲۳ تا ۲۰۲۴ صورت گرفت. نمونه‌های خاک از هر سایت برای اندازه‌گیری دما، pH، هدایت الکتریکی (EC)، مجموع جامدات محلول (TDS) و میزان رطوبت مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفتند تا نمایه‌ای جامع از ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک ارائه شود. نمونه‌های کرم خاکی به صورت دستی جمع‌آوری و برای تجزیه‌ و تحلیل مولکولی نگهداری شدند. برای شناسایی گونه‌ها از بارکد DNA ناحیه ژنی 18S rRNA استفاده شد و توالی‌های حاصل برای مقایسه و تأیید در پایگاه داده GenBank متعلق به NCBI ثبت گردیدند.
نتایج: هفت گونه Aporrectodea tuberculata، Aporrectodea caliginosa، Dendrobaena platyura، Fitzingeria platyura، Hormogaster redii، Lumbricus rubellus و Polytoreutus finni از طریق روش‌های مولکولی شناسایی شدند. همبستگی‌های آماری نشان داد که رطوبت و دمای خاک تأثیر قابل‌توجهی بر پراکنش کرم‌های خاکی دارند، به‌طوری‌که تراکم جمعیتی آن‌ها در دوره‌های گرم به‌طور محسوسی کاهش می‌یابد. این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که کرم‌های خاکی این منطقه واکنش‌های فیزیولوژیکی شدیدی نسبت به تنش‌های گرمایی و رطوبتی از خود نشان می‌دهند که این موضوع الگوهای مکانی و فصلی آن‌ها را شکل می‌دهد.
نتیجه‌گیری: این مطالعه کارآمدی بارکدینگ DNA را برای شناسایی دقیق گونه‌های کرم خاکی تأیید کرده و داده‌های جدیدی را در مورد تنوع زیستی Oligochaeta در عراق ارائه می‌دهد. همبستگی مشاهده‌شده بین شرایط محیطی و جمعیت کرم‌های خاکی بر اهمیت مدیریت صحیح خاک برای حفظ تنوع زیستی تأکید دارد. انجام تحقیقات آینده با بهره‌گیری از نشانگرهای ژنومی گسترده‌تر و نقاط نمونه‌برداری بیشتر برای درک بهتر نقش‌های بوم‌شناختی این ارگانیسم‌ها در زیستگاه‌های متنوع عراق توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Molecular identification of seven earthworm (Annelida: Oligochaeta) species using DNA barcoding of the 18S rRNA gene region and their relationship with soil properties in Babylon province, Iraq

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zainab Imran Issa
  • Wameedh A.K AL-Yasari
  • Maher Ali Alquraishi
Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Babylon, Iraq
چکیده [English]

Objective
This study aimed to employ molecular techniques to identify and classify earthworm species present in Babylon Province, Iraq, and to examine the extent to which environmental factors influence their distribution and abundance. Given the limited research on Iraqi earthworm fauna, this work sought to provide a clearer understanding of species diversity in the region and to assess how variations in soil characteristics may affect their ecological presence.
Materials and methods
Fieldwork was conducted at three ecologically distinct stations within Babylon Province, each representing unique environmental and land-use conditions. Sampling was carried out across three seasons—fall, winter, and spring-during the 2023–2024 period. Soil samples from each site were analyzed for temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and moisture content, providing a comprehensive profile of key physicochemical soil parameters. Earthworm specimens were collected manually and preserved for molecular analysis. DNA barcoding using the 18S rRNA gene region was employed to identify the species, and the resulting sequences were submitted to the NCBI GenBank database for comparison and verification.
Results
Seven species were identified through molecular methods: Aporrectodea tuberculata, Aporrectodea caliginosa, Dendrobaena platyura, Fitzingeria platyura, Hormogaster redii, Lumbricus rubellus, and Polytoreutus finni. Statistical correlations revealed that soil moisture and temperature significantly influenced earthworm distribution, with population densities decreasing markedly during warmer periods. These findings suggest that earthworms in this region exhibit strong physiological responses to thermal and hydric stress, which in turn shapes their spatial and seasonal dynamics.
Conclusions
This study confirms the utility of DNA barcoding for accurate earthworm species identification and contributes new data on the biodiversity of Oligochaeta in Iraq. The observed correlations between environmental conditions and earthworm populations highlight the importance of soil management practices in maintaining biodiversity. Future research incorporating wider genomic markers and additional sampling sites is recommended to further elucidate the ecological roles of these organisms across Iraq's diverse habitats.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dendrobaena platyura
  • ecosystem
  • molecular
  • Oligochaeta
  • 18S rRNA

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مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی
دوره 17، شماره 2
اردیبهشت 1404
صفحه 171-196

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