پویایی متابولیت‌های اولیه و ثانویه در Chlorella vulgaris در معرض تنش زیستی و دوره‌های مختلف برداشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده آموزش علوم پایه، دانشگاه دیاله، عراق.

2 . گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده آموزش علوم پایه، دانشگاه دیاله، عراق

10.22103/jab.2026.26862.1855

چکیده

هدف: Chlorella vulgaris یک ریزجلبک است که به دلیل سهولت کشت، رشد سریع، توانایی جذب دی‌اکسید کربن و تولید اکسیژن در طول رشد، و همچنین تولید ترکیبات اولیه و ثانویه متعدد، گزینه‌ای امیدوارکننده برای حل بسیاری از مسائل به شمار می‌رود. هدف این مطالعه بررسی اثر غلظت‌های مختلف بیوکربن، زمان‌های متفاوت برداشت سلول‌ها و برهم‌کنش آن‌ها بر جلبک Chlorella vulgaris بود. همچنین میزان پروتئین، لیپید، کربوهیدرات و اسیدهای فنولی نیز اندازه‌گیری شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش در آزمایشگاه کشت بافت گیاهی دانشگاه دیاله و تحت شرایط استریل انجام شد. جلبک‌ها در محیط کشت BG11 در دمای حدود 25 درجه سانتی‌گراد و دوره نوری 8-16 ساعت رشد داده شدند. بیوکربن با غلظت‌های 300، 600 و 900 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر به محیط کشت اضافه شد. نمونه‌ها در روزهای 7، 14 و 21 جمع‌آوری گردیدند. سپس مقدار پروتئین با روش کجلدال، چربی با دستگاه سوکسله، کربوهیدرات با روش فنل-اسید سولفوریک و ترکیبات فلاونوئیدی با استفاده از HPLC اندازه‌گیری شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام گرفت و داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار SPSS در سطح معنی‌داری 05/0 تحلیل شدند.
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت بیوکربن در محیط کشت، مقادیر ترکیبات مورد بررسی افزایش یافت و بیشترین مقادیر به‌ترتیب 666/61، 155/9 و 362/18 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر در غلظت 900 پی‌پی‌ام مشاهده شد. از نظر زمان برداشت سلول‌ها، بیشترین مقادیر پس از 14 روز از افزودن بیوکربن به محیط کشت به دست آمد که به‌ترتیب برای پروتئین، لیپید و کربوهیدرات برابر با 025/60، 540/8 و 741/17 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر بود. همچنین در بررسی اسیدهای فنولی شامل روتین، اسید کافئیک، لوتئولین و اسید سیرینگیک، بیشترین مقادیر در غلظت 900 پی‌پی‌ام مشاهده شد که به‌ترتیب برابر با 255/110، 644/78، 722/88 و 277/69 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر بودند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که افزودن بیوکربن به محیط کشت باعث افزایش میزان پروتئین، چربی، کربوهیدرات و ترکیبات فنولی در جلبک Chlorella vulgaris می‌شود. بیشترین مقدار این ترکیبات در غلظت 900 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر و زمان برداشت 14 روز مشاهده شد. بنابراین، بیوکربن می‌تواند رشد و تولید ترکیبات مفید در این جلبک را بهبود بخشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Dynamics of primary and secondary metabolites in Chlorella vulgaris exposed to biological stress and varied harvesting periods

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeina Gany Fadeel 1
  • Farah Qasim Ali 2
  • Muthana M. I. Al-Mahdawe 1
1 Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Diyala, Iraq.
2 Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Diyala, Iraq.
چکیده [English]

Objective
Chlorella vulgaris is a microalga that is a promising candidate for solving many problems due to its ease of cultivation, rapid growth, absorption of carbon dioxide, and production of oxygen during its growth, as well as its production of many primary and secondary compound. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of biocarbon, days variation of harvesting cells, and their interaction in Chlorella vulgaris. Also, it aimed to estimate the rate of protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and phenolic acid.
Materials and methods
In this study, the experiment was conducted in the plant tissue culture laboratory of Diyala University under sterile conditions. Algae were grown in BG11 medium at a temperature of about 25°C with a photoperiod of 16.8 hours. Biocarbon was added to the medium at concentrations of 300, 600, and 900 mg/L. Samples were collected on days 7, 14, and 21. Then, the amount of protein was measured by the Kjeldahl method, fat by the Soxhlet apparatus, carbohydrate by the phenol-sulfuric acid method, and flavonoid compounds by HPLC. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications, and the data were analyzed with SPSS software at a significance level of 0.05.

Results
It was observed that there was a direct correlation with increasing biocarbon concentration added to the culture medium; the highest values reached 61.666, 9.155, and 18.362 mg/L, respectively at a concentration of 900 ppm. Considering the time of cell harvesting, the highest values were found after 14 days from adding biocarbon to the culture medium. They reached 60.025, 8.540, and 17.741 mg/L for protein, lipid, and carbohydrate, respectively. According to the results of the phenolic acids, namely Rutin, Caffeic Acid, Luteolin, and Syringic Acid, the highest values reached at a concentration of 900 ppm in all these compounds. These values were 110.255, 78.644, 88.722, and 69.277 mg/L, respectively.
Conclusion
The results of this study showed that adding biocarbon to the culture medium increased the amount of protein, fat, carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds in Chlorella vulgaris algae. The highest amount of these compounds was observed at a concentration of 900 mg/L and at a harvest time of 14 days. Therefore, biocarbon can improve the growth and production of beneficial compounds in this alga.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • biocarbon
  • carbohydrate
  • lipid
  • phenolic acid
  • protein
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