تشخیص میکروسکوپی و مولکولی Theileria annulata در گاوهای استان بابل عراق

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه انگل‌شناسی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه القاسم الخضراء، بابل 51013، عراق.

2 گروه انگل‌شناسی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه القاسم الخضراء، بابل 51013، عراق

10.22103/jab.2026.27095.1884

چکیده

هدف: هدف این مطالعه بررسی تشخیص تیلریوز ناشی از Theileria annulata در گاوها با استفاده از روش‌های میکروسکوپی و مولکولی بود. همچنین، تأثیر منطقه جغرافیایی، سن و جنس بر میزان آلودگی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه، 300 نمونه خون گاوی از مناطق مختلف استان بابل، عراق جمع‌آوری شد. این مطالعه در فاصله زمانی سپتامبر 2025 تا مارس 2026 انجام گرفت. برای 200 نمونه، گسترش‌های خونی رنگ‌آمیزی‌شده با گیمسا جهت بررسی میکروسکوپی تهیه شد. همچنین 100 نمونه با استفاده از روش PCR برای شناسایی ژن سیتوکروم b میتوکندریایی T. annulata مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. آزمون کای‌دو در نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 27 برای تحلیل آماری استفاده شد.
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که از 200 نمونه خون گاوی بررسی‌شده به روش میکروسکوپی، 66 نمونه (33٪) از نظر Theileria annulata مثبت بودند. در روش PCR، تعداد 54 نمونه (54٪) از 100 نمونه مورد بررسی از نظر ژن سیتوکروم b میتوکندریایی مثبت گزارش شدند که نشان‌دهنده حساسیت بالاتر روش PCR نسبت به روش میکروسکوپی است. میزان شیوع آلودگی در ماده‌ها 3/53% و در نرها 55% بود که تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت. همچنین سن حیوانات اختلاف معنی‌داری در میزان آلودگی نشان نداد (χ² = 0.34, p = 0.84). با این حال، مناطق جغرافیایی اختلاف معنی‌داری را نشان دادند؛ به‌طوری‌که بیشترین میزان آلودگی مربوط به منطقه الشوملی (9/73%) و کمترین میزان مربوط به القاسم (35%) بود (χ² = 8.922, p < 0.01). این نتایج نشان‌دهنده وجود ارتباط معنی‌دار بین منطقه جغرافیایی و میزان آلودگی است. همچنین، تحلیل فیلوژنتیکی ده جدایه T. annulata (PX849363–PX849372) ارتباط ژنتیکی آن‌ها را با سویه‌های مرجع موجود در GenBank تأیید کرد.
نتیجه‌گیری: تشخیص مولکولی مبتنی بر PCR در مقایسه با میکروسکوپی حساسیت بالاتری در شناسایی آلودگی T. annulata، به‌ویژه در عفونت‌های تحت‌بالینی که می‌توانند در انتقال انگل در گله نقش داشته باشند، نشان داد. این یافته‌ها بر ضرورت استفاده از راهبردهای کنترلی یکپارچه شامل مدیریت منظم کنه‌ها، پایش مولکولی و بهبود شرایط پرورش دام برای کاهش اثرات تیلریوز گاوی و ارتقای سلامت و بهره‌وری دام‌ها در مناطق بومی تأکید می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Microscopic and molecular detection of Theileria annulata in cattle from Babylon province of Iraq

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ghefran Shiaa Mazhar 1
  • Safaa M Kareem 2
1 Department of Parasitology, College Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon 51013, Iraq.
2 Department of Parasitology, College Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon 51013, Iraq.
چکیده [English]

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the detection of theileriosis caused by Theileria annulata in cattle applying microscopic and molecular methods. The other goal of the study was to evaluate the effects of geographical region, age, and sex on infection rates.
Materials and methods
In this study, 300 bovine blood samples were collected from different areas of Babil province, Iraq. The study was conducted between September 2025 and March 2026. Giemsa-stained blood smears were prepared for 200 samples for microscopic examination. 100 samples were analyzed by PCR to target the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of T. annulata. Chi-square test was used in SPSS version 27 for statistical analysis.
Results
The results showed that 66 (33%) of 200 bovine blood samples examined microscopically were positive for Theileria annulata. In the PCR method, 54 (54%) of 100 samples that studied the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene were positive. This could indicate a higher sensitivity of PCR than the microscopic method. The prevalence of infection was 53.3% in women and 55% in men, which was not significant. Also, the age of the individuals did not report a significant difference in the infection rate (χ² = 0.34, p = 0.84). However, the geographical regions showed a significant difference. So that the highest infection rate was related to Al-Shumali (73.9%) and the lowest rate was related to Al-Qasim (35%) (χ² = 8.922, p < 0.01). These results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the region and the infection rate. Phylogenetic analysis of ten T. annulata isolates (PX849363–PX849372) confirmed their genetic relationship with reference strains available in GenBank.
Conclusion
PCR-based molecular detection demonstrated higher sensitivity than microscopy for identifying T. annulata infection in subclinical infections that may contribute to parasite transmission within herds. These findings highlight the need for integrated control strategies, including regular tick management, molecular surveillance, and improved animal husbandry, to decrease the impact of bovine theileriosis and enhance cattle health and productivity in endemic areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • bovine theileriosis
  • cytochrome b gene
  • molecular detection
  • PCR
  • Theileria annulata

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مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی
دوره 18، شماره 3
شهریور 1405
صفحه 395-410

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