تعدیل سیستم ایمنی توسط عصاره بذر Nelumbo nucifera در خرگوش‌های آلوده به کمپلکس Enterobacter cloacae

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه میکروبیولوژی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه بغداد، عراق.

10.22103/jab.2026.27100.1885

چکیده

هدف: در این مطالعه، جداسازی و شناسایی اعضای کمپلکس Enterobacter cloacae (ECC) از گربه‌های خانگی در بغداد، عراق، و تعیین الگوی حساسیت آن‌ها به آنتی‌بیوتیک‌های مختلف انجام شد. همچنین، اثر عصاره بذر Nelumbo nucifera (نیلوفر آبی) به‌عنوان یک تعدیل‌کننده سیستم ایمنی در یک مدل حیوانی آزمایشی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: تعداد 75 نمونه بالینی از گربه‌های خانگی شامل مدفوع، خون و ادرار جمع‌آوری شد. جداسازی و شناسایی اولیه بر اساس ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک و الگوی تخمیر لاکتوز توسط سویه‌های ECC در محیط‌های انتخابی انجام گرفت. آزمون‌های تأییدی شامل آنالیز با سیستم خودکار VITEK 2 Compact و شناسایی از طریق تکثیر ژن 16S rRNA (1250 جفت باز) به روش PCR بود. آزمون حساسیت آنتی‌بیوتیکی بر اساس دستورالعمل‌های استاندارد انجام شد. همچنین، آنالیز GC-MS برای عصاره اتانولی بذر N. nucifera صورت گرفت. فعالیت تعدیل‌کننده ایمنی عصاره بذر نیلوفر آبی با استفاده از خرگوش‌ها به‌عنوان حیوان آزمایشگاهی و از طریق ارزیابی شاخص‌های خونی و اندازه‌گیری سطوح اینترلوکین‌های IL-1β و IL-8 با روش ELISA بررسی شد.
نتایج: میزان جداسازی ECC در میان تمام کشت‌ها 7/2% بود و بیشترین شیوع در نمونه‌های مدفوع (7/5%) نسبت به خون و ادرار مشاهده شد. آزمون حساسیت آنتی‌بیوتیکی نشان داد که سویه‌ها حساسیت بالایی به کارباپنم‌ها، آمینوگلیکوزیدها و فلوروکینولون‌ها داشتند، در حالی که مقاومت نسبی نسبت به ترکیبات β-لاکتام/مهارکننده β-لاکتاماز مشاهده شد. در آنالیز GC-MS عصاره بذر نیلوفر آبی، اسید لینولئیک به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین ترکیب فعال شناسایی شد. پس از تجویز عصاره به‌صورت درون‌تنی با دوز پیشگیرانه 200 میلی‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر، کاهش قابل توجهی در لکوسیتوز و گرانولوسیتوز مشاهده شد و تعداد لنفوسیت‌ها افزایش یافت. علاوه بر این، نتایج ELISA کاهش معنی‌دار سطوح سایتوکاین‌های پیش‌التهابی IL-1β و IL-8 را نشان داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه، گربه‌های خانگی در جمعیت مورد بررسی در بغداد می‌توانند منبع محدودی از کمپلکس Enterobacter cloacae باشند. عصاره اتانولی بذر Nelumbo nucifera دارای ویژگی‌های امیدوارکننده‌ای در تعدیل سیستم ایمنی است که از طریق تنظیم پاسخ‌های التهابی و تقویت تعادل ایمنی عمل می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The immunomodulation of Nelumbo nucifera seed extract on rabbits infected with Enterobacter cloacae complex

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fairuz Abbas Hussein
  • Ikram Abbas Al Sammaraa
Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
چکیده [English]

Objective
In this study, isolation and identification of members of the Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) from domestic cats in Baghdad, Iraq, and determination of their susceptibility patterns to various antibiotics were conducted. This study also assessed the effect of Nelumbo nucifera (lotus) seed extract as an immunomodulator in an experimental animal model.
Materials and Methods
Seventy five clinical specimens from domestic cats (feces, blood, and urine) were obtained. Preliminary isolation and identification were done based on morphological characteristics and fermentation pattern of ECC strains to lactose in select media. Confirmatory test included automatic system analysis using VITEK 2 Compact System and identification through PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene (1250 bp). Antibiotic susceptibility was determined according to guidelines. GC-MS analysis was done for ethanolic extract of N. nucifera seed. Immunomodulatory activity of lotus seed extract was tested using rabbits as the experimental animal through determination of hematological parameters and levels of interleukins IL-1β and IL-8 using ELISA.
Results
The isolation rate of ECC was 2.7% among all cultures collected, with a higher prevalence in the feces (5.7%) than in blood and urine. Susceptibility testing showed high sensitivity to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones, with partial resistance to β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. In the GC-MS analysis of the lotus seed extract, linoleic acid was found to be the main active constituent. After administration of the extract in vivo at a preventive dose (200 mg/mL), there were remarkable decreases in leukocytosis and granulocytosis, as well as increases in the lymphocyte count. Moreover, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8 were significantly reduced according to the ELISA results.
Conclusions
Based on the results, domestic cats within the study population in Baghdad might constitute a limited source of ECC. The ethanolic extract of N. nucifera seeds exhibits promising immunomodulatory properties through the regulation of inflammatory responses and promoting immune balance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • 16S rRNA
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • domestic cats
  • Enterobacter cloacae complex
  • VITEK 2

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مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی
دوره 18، شماره 3
شهریور 1405
صفحه 431-452

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