جداسازی، غربالگری و انتخاب سویه‌های Aspergillus و Penicillium از ریزوسفر گندم برای تولید چندآنزیمی و ویژگی‌های ضدقارچی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 آزمایشگاه ارزش‌افزایی و حفاظت از منابع زیستی، دانشگاه بومرداس، 35000 بومرداس، الجزایر.

2 آزمایشگاه بیوتکنولوژی و حفاظت از اکوسیستم‌های کشاورزی و طبیعی، دانشگاه بویرا، 10000 بویرا، الجزایر و گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم طبیعی، علوم زیستی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه بویرا، 10000 بویرا، الجزایر.

3 گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم طبیعی، علوم زیستی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه بویرا، 10000 بویرا، الجزایر.

4 آزمایشگاه بیوتکنولوژی و حفاظت از اکوسیستم‌های کشاورزی و طبیعی، دانشگاه بویرا، 10000 بویرا، الجزایر و گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشکده علوم طبیعی، علوم زیستی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه بویرا، 10000 بویرا، الجزایر.

10.22103/jab.2026.26514.1822

چکیده

هدف: آنزیم‌های میکروبی به دلیل اهمیت اقتصادی در بخش‌های مختلف صنایع زیستی، نقش مهمی در توسعه فرایندهای زیستی صنعتی دارند. بنابراین، جستجو برای یافتن سویه‌های جدید با توان تولید بالا، جهت تأمین نیازهای صنعتی، بسیار حائز اهمیت است. هدف این مطالعه جداسازی و غربالگری سویه‌های Aspergillus و Penicillium با توان بالای تولید چندین آنزیم مهم زیست‌فناورانه و همچنین قابلیت کنترل زیستی برخی عوامل بیماری‌زای گیاهی بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: تعداد 30 سویه قارچی از خاک‌های ریزوسفری مزارع گندم دوروم در مرکز الجزایر جداسازی و بر اساس ویژگی‌های فنوتیپی شناسایی شدند. دوازده سویه متعلق به جنس‌های هدف از نظر توانایی تولید هشت آنزیم هیدرولیتیک و لیگنوسلولولیتیک بر روی محیط‌های جامد اختصاصی مورد غربالگری قرار گرفتند. سویه‌های با تولید بالا برای بررسی تولید همزمان آنزیم‌ها در شرایط تخمیر حالت جامد با استفاده از سبوس گندم به‌عنوان بستر، و نیز اثر آنتاگونیستی علیه برخی عوامل بیماری‌زای گندم (Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. verticillioides, and Alternaria alternata) با آزمون کشت دوگانه ارزیابی شدند.
نتایج: یافته‌ها نشان دادند که میزان تولید آنزیم در میان سویه‌های بررسی‌شده بالا بود؛ به‌طوری‌که 100% برای آمیلازها، 67/91% برای کیتینازها و سلولازها، 33/83% برای لاکازها، 75% برای پکتینازها و لیپازها و میزان کمتری برای پروتئازها و ژلاتینازها مشاهده شد. در میان کارآمدترین سویه‌ها، A. niger S2 بیشترین فعالیت آمیلازی (5.46 IU/mL)، پروتئازی (29.80 U/mL) و لاکازی (0.072 IU/mL) را نشان داد. فعالیت انعقاد شیر در Penicillium sp. S1 (7.06 SU/mL) و A. niger S9 (46.60 SU/mL) قابل توجه بود. علاوه بر این، سویه‌ها در مدت تنها 48 ساعت مقادیر قابل توجهی کیتیناز (1.27–1.50 IU/g) تولید کردند. فعالیت آنتاگونیستی سویه‌های با تولید بالای کیتیناز علیه عوامل بیماری‌زای Fusarium  و Alternaria  نرخ مهار بالایی بین 3/50% تا 33/73% نشان داد که در این میان A. niger S9 مؤثرترین سویه بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه پتانسیل بالای سویه‌های بومی جداسازی‌شده را به‌عنوان گزینه‌های امیدوارکننده نه‌تنها برای تولید آنزیم‌های صنعتی، بلکه به‌عنوان عوامل مؤثر کنترل زیستی نشان داد. این یافته‌ها می‌تواند راه را برای کاربرد این سویه‌ها در زیست‌فناوری صنعتی و کشاورزی پایدار هموار سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Isolation, screening and selection of Aspergillus and Penicillium strains from wheat rhizosphere for multienzyme production and antifungal properties

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samira Bensmail 1
  • Souhila Bensmail 2
  • Fatma Halouane-Sahir 1
  • Sadjia Lahiani 1
  • Hamza Moussa 3
  • Samira Mebdoua 4
1 Laboratory of Valorization and Conservation of Biological Resources, University of Boumerdes, 35000 Boumerdes, Algeria.
2 Laboratory of Biotechnology and Protection of Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems, University of Bouira, 10000 Bouira, Algeria and Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Bouira, 10000 Bouira, Algeria.
3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Bouira, 10000 Bouira, Algeria.
4 Laboratory of Biotechnology and Protection of Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems, University of Bouira, 10000 Bouira, Algeria and Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Bouira, 10000 Bouira, Algeria
چکیده [English]

Objective
Microbial enzymes are crucial for developing industrial bioprocesses due to their economic relevance in various bioindustry sectors. Therefore, the search for new hyper producing strains is very meaningful for meeting industrial needs. This study aimed to isolate and screen Aspergillus and Penicillium strains with high potential for the production of multiple biotechnologically important enzymes and biocontrol of some phytopathogens.
Materials and methods: Thirty fungal strains were isolated from the rhizospheric soils of durum wheat crops in central Algeria and identified based on their phenotypic characteristics. Twelve strains from the targeted genera were screened for their ability to produce eight hydrolytic and lignocellulolytic enzymes on specific solid media. The hyper producer strains were tested for simultaneous enzyme production under solid-state fermentation using wheat bran as substrate and antagonism effect against some wheat pathogens (Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. verticillioides, and Alternaria alternata) by dual culture assay.
Results: The findings revealed high production rates among screened strains: 100% for amylases, 91.67% for chitinases and cellulases, 83.33% for laccases, 75% for pectinases and lipases, and lower rates for proteases and gelatinases. Among the most efficient strains, A. niger S2 exhibited the highest amylase (5.46 IU/mL), protease (29.80 U/mL), and laccase (0.072 IU/mL) activities. Milk-clotting activities were notable for Penicillium sp. S1 (7.06 SU/mL) and A. niger S9 (46.60 SU/mL). Additionally, the strains produced significant chitinase levels (1.27–1.50 IU/g) within only 48 hours. The antagonistic activity of highly chitinase producers against Fusarium and Alternaria pathogens showed strong inhibition rates ranging from 50.3% to 73.33%, with A. niger S9 being the most effective.
Conclusion: These findings revealed the potential of these locally isolated strains as promising candidates not only for the production of industrially relevant enzymes but also as effective biocontrol agents, paving the way for their application in both industrial biotechnology and sustainable agricultural practices.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • antagonistic activity
  • chitinases
  • durum wheat
  • hydrolytic enzymes
  • rhizospheric fungi

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مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی
دوره 18، شماره 3
شهریور 1405
صفحه 77-104

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