Proteomic analysis of rice roots under time-course drought stress condition

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Faculty of Agriculture,Tabriz University

2 Professor of the Department of Breeding and Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University

3 Agricultural department of Tabriz university

4 Professor of Crop Science Research Institute

Abstract

Objective
Recent advancements in molecular biology and proteomics have generated significant hope for identifying candidate proteins associated with drought stress tolerance, which could facilitate essential steps in enhancing rice yield. The primary objective of this study was to comprehensively investigate the effects of drought stress on the morphological traits and the root proteome expression patterns of rice.
Materials and Methods
The experiment was designed and executed as a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates under strictly controlled laboratory conditions within a growth chamber. Drought stress treatments consisted of four distinct conditions: normal irrigation (flooding) as a control, and drought stress imposed for durations of 24, 36, and 48 hours. To analyze protein expression patterns, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining was employed. Statistically significant protein spots were identified using mass spectrometry and bioinformatic tools based on isoelectric point (pI), molecular weight (MW), and specialized protein databases. The measured morphological traits included proline content, root dry weight, root diameter, root volume, root number, root length, and the shoot-to-root length ratio.
Results
The findings demonstrated that drought stress induced significant changes in proline content, root dry weight, root diameter, and root volume; however, its effects on root number, root length, and the shoot-to-root length ratio were not statistically significant. Increasing the stress duration to 48 hours led to a substantial increase in root dry weight, whereas 24-hour stress resulted in a noticeable increase in root volume and diameter. Additionally, proline levels in the roots showed a significant increase after 36 hours of stress. Proteomic analysis revealed that among 135 identified protein spots, 14 exhibited significant changes in expression under drought conditions. The upregulation of ferredoxin-oxidoreductase played a crucial role in mitigating stress impacts, whereas ribosomal proteins, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, and ATP synthase were downregulated. Other proteins, including fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycine dehydrogenase, and chitinase, initially showed decreased expression but exhibited an increasing trend as the stress duration reached 48 hours.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that drought stress triggers significant structural changes in the roots and modulates the expression of specific proteins in rice, which are vital for plant adaptation mechanisms. The upregulation of ferredoxin-oxidoreductase and the dynamic expression of other proteins elucidate the molecular mechanisms of plant stress resistance. These findings can serve as a valuable foundation for the genetic improvement of rice varieties to enhance drought tolerance.

Keywords

References

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Agricultural Biotechnology Journal
Volume 18, Issue 4
August 2026
Pages 65-86

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