Effect of plant growth regulators on callus production and organogenesis of Moringa oleifera and the biochemical characteristics of the produced callus

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

2 Corresprending author – Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

5 Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil. Iran

6 Ph.D. Student, of Agricultural Biotechnology, Department of plant genetics and production engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

Abstract

Objective
Moringa oleifera L. belongs to the Moringaceae family and is known for its important medicinal chemicals, including flavonoids, coumarins, quinones, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids. This study focused on determining the best conditions for producing callus tissue from Moringa leaf explants and analyzing the biochemical compounds in the resulting calluses.
Materials and methods
Leaf explants of the Moringa plant were cultured on the MS medium with various plant growth regulators (Kin or BAP at 0, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/L) either alone or in combination with 2,4-D, NAA, or IBA (each at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L). The percentage of callus production, root, and shoot formation, as well as the biochemical compounds (total flavonoid and anthocyanin contents) of the resulting calli, were recorded after 4 weeks.
Results
This research revealed a significant difference between most hormonal treatments and the control treatment regarding the percentage of callus tissue production, roots, and shoots derived from callus tissue, as well as the fresh weight of the collected callus. The most effective hormonal treatment for callus tissue production (100%) was observed with the MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BAP. Also, the highest percentage of root production from callus tissue (100%) was associated with MS medium containing 2 or 4 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BAP. The MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BAP exhibited the highest percentage (30.53%) of shoot production from M. oleifera callus. Furthermore, there was a significant difference among various treatments in terms of the biochemical compound contents of the resulting callus.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the use of plant hormones had a positive impact on callus tissue production, as well as root and shoot production, and the biochemical characteristics of the Moringa plant. The maximum fresh weight of the callus was attained by utilizing BAP and 2-4-D in the MS medium. Enhancing the amount of flavonoid and anthocyanin in plant callus is crucial to boost the antioxidant and anticancer properties. In this study, the highest levels of biochemical compounds, particularly total flavonoid and anthocyanin content in the in vitro culture of M. oleifera L., were associated with increased concentrations of Auxin and Cytokinin.

Keywords

References

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Agricultural Biotechnology Journal
Volume 16, Issue 2
June 2024
Pages 1-24

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