Analysis of phylogeny and genetic similarities of seven main species of Equidae (Equus genus) based on mitochondrial genome

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

3 Iran Silk Research Centre, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)

4 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan

Abstract

Objective
Phylogeny as a science that study the evolutionary relationships between species and populations of organisms, as well as their evolutionary history, diversity and patterns of population changes, by integrating genomic data, has become a strong approach in the study of the systematic of species named phylogenomics. The aim of the present study were divergence study an percent genetic similarity along with phylogenetic analysis of the seven existence species of the Equidae family based on mitochondrial genome sequences.
Materials and methods
In order to investigate genetic divergence and similarity, the most up-to-date complete sequences of the mitochondrial genome along with the separate sequences of 13 protein coding genes per each genome from seven main Equidae species including E. africanus, E. ferus, E. grevyi, E. hemionus, E. kiang, E. quagga and E. zebra were extracted from NCBI database site and compared to each other.
Results
The results of sequence distance analysis based on the complete mitochondrial genome showed that the highest genetic similarity (99.9%) was observed between Asian wild donkey (E. hemionus) and Tibetan donkey (E. kiang) and the lowest genetic similarity (92.3%) was observed between Asian wild donkey (E. hemionus) and Przewalski's horse (E. przewalskii). In terms of phylogenetic analysis, E. przewalskii species was placed in a separate cluster, and E. africanus, E. grevyi, E. hemionus, E. kiang, E. quagga and E. zebra were placed in a another cluster. The analysis of the nucleotide sequences of 13 protein encoding genes per each genome showed that in all these genes E.kiang and E.hemionus species had the most genetic similarity to each other and also the least genetic similarity was observed between E.przewalskii and E.asinus species. In terms of phylogenetic analysis, E.przewalskii species had the highest distance from other species and was not included in the main cluster, which results were similar to the analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequences. Also, the results of the analysis for the amino acid sequences of 13 protein-coding genes showed that unlike the nucleotide sequences, the highest and least genetic similarity may be different in the species. Although, E. kiang and E. hemionus species had the most genetic similarities, and the lowest genetic similarity of the species was related to E. przewalskii and E. zebra species, and in terms of phylogenetic analysis, E. przewalskii had the highest distance from other species and was not included in the main cluster.
Conclusions
This research showed that the examination of mitochondrial genomes and sequences of Equidae species can help to determine the evolution and biological processes in the past of these species, as well as to determine the distribution and relationship between different species of the Equus genus and the possibility of correct clustering of the species exists based on the mitochondrial genome.

Keywords

References

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Agricultural Biotechnology Journal
Volume 16, Issue 3
September 2024
Pages 43-60

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