Green synthesis of iron oxide, copper, zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of F. vulgare and evaluation of their structural and antimicrobial properties

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, of Agricultural Biotechnology, Department of plant genetics and production engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

2 Department of plant genetics and production engineering, Faculty of agriculture and natural resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil. Iran

5 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil.

Abstract

Objective
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) has important medicinal compounds with the ability to inhibit DNA oxidative damage. In the present study, metal nanoparticles were first biosynthesized from the aqueous extract of the aerial parts of the fennel plant, and after evaluating the structure and size of the nanoparticles, the effect of the aqueous extract obtained from the aerial parts of the fennel plant and the metal nanoparticles biosynthesized from it was investigated on the growth and survival of bacteria. E. coli and S. aureus were investigated.
Materials and methods
The size of the resulting nanoparticles was analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and nanoparticle size distribution (DLS), and the chemical structure and bonds in the composition of nanoparticles were investigated using FTIR. The amount of antibacterial activity of the resulting extract (at a concentration of 20, 10, 5 and 2.5 µl/ml) and iron oxide nanoparticles (at a concentration of 10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 µl/ml), copper, zinc oxide and silver (in concentrations of 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.25 µl/ml) on culture media containing E. coli and S. aureus bacteria were investigated using the diffusion plate method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).
Results
According to the SEM results, biosynthesized iron oxide, copper, silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles had an average size of 25, 22, 23 and 24 nm, respectively, which can be highly effective in the process of dealing with different bacteria. According to the results, E. coli bacteria were more sensitive than S. aureus to concentrations equal to the treatments used and created larger halos. Also, the size of the formed halos depended on the concentration and their size increased with the increase of the concentration. Among the treatments used, the use of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (especially in concentrations of 10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 mg) had more antibacterial properties. In terms of the survival rate and growth of bacteria cultured using the MIC method, the IC50 of E. coli bacteria is lower than that of S. aureus bacteria at concentrations equal to the applied treatments, indicating the high sensitivity of the bacterial strain. E. coli compared to S. aureus bacteria.
Conclusions
Aqueous extract of fennel plant and metal nanoparticles biosynthesized from it have high properties in controlling S. aureus bacteria as gram positive bacteria and E. coli as gram negative bacteria. In this research, it was found that silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from the aqueous extract of fennel plant have high antibacterial properties compared to iron oxide, zinc oxide and copper nanoparticles.

Keywords

References

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Agricultural Biotechnology Journal
Volume 16, Issue 3
September 2024
Pages 60-88

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