Investigation of pathogenesis-related genes expression in rice symbiont with Trichoderma harzianum after inoculation with Magnaporthe oryzae fungus

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Student, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan

2 ِDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Seed Breeding and Preparation, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Mazandaran Branch, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Amol, Iran

Abstract

Objective Rice is one of the most important crops in the world, which occupies a large area of arable land. Blast disease is one of the most important and destructive rice diseases, which reduces production of this product. Due to environmental pollution caused by overuse of fungicides to control this disease and on the other hand, the pathogen resistance to these chemicals, development of better and healthier strategies to control this pathogen is necessary. Biological control of plant diseases using antagonists can be a promising alternative method. Materials and methods In this study, indirect effect of Trichoderma harzianum fungus on pathogenic fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, under greenhouse conditions was investigated by induction of systemic resistance in susceptible Tarom cultivar. For this purpose, expression of several important defense genes was investigated using real-time qPCR technique in plants symbiont with Trichoderma compared to control plants (without Trichoderma) at different times after infection with pathogenic fungi. Results The results showed increasing expression level of NPR1, PR2 and PR3 genes after pathogen inoculation in plants symbiont with Trichoderma compared to the control plants that there was statistically significat difference about PR2 and PR3 genes. Nevertheles in a number of times, there was no significant difference in expression level of the evaluated genes between two treatments. Examination of various morphological traits such as root, stem and leaf dry weight, root length, stem diameter and plant height showed an increase in plants symbiont with Trichoderma compared to control plants (without Trichoderma), although this difference was not significant about these traits except for plant height. Chlorophyll a and b levels were also measured as physiological traits in both treatments. Although amount of chlorophyll a was higher in plants symbiont with Trichoderma than control plants, but no significant difference was observed. Phenotypic study of interaction of rice plant and pathogen in presence of Trichoderma showed a significant difference about disease severity in plants symbiont with Trichoderma compared to control plants. Conclusions These results could somewhat indicate the systemic protection of the rice plant against M. oryzae due to symbiosis of the plant root with Trichoderma harzianum and induction of resistance and increase in pathogenesis-related genes, but this is not enough. Therefore, it is necessary to repeat greenhouse experiment to ensure that there is a significant difference in expression of the studied genes between symbiotic and control plants.

Keywords

References

احسنی محمدرضا ، محمدآبادی محمدرضا ، اسدی فوزی و همکاران (1398) بیان ژن لپتین در بافت چربی زیرپوستی گاوهای هلشتاین با استفاده از Real Time PCR. مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی 11(1)، 150-135.
توحیدی نژاد فاطمه، محمدآبادی محمدرضا، اسمعیلی زاده کشکوئیه علی، نجمی نوری عذرا (1393) مقایسه سطوح مختلف بیان ژنRheb در بافت های مختلف بز کرکی راینی. مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی 6(4)، 50-35.
جعفری دره در امیر حسین، محمدآبادی محمدرضا، اسمعیلی زاده کشکوئیه علی، ریاحی مدوار علی (1395) بررسی بیان ژن CIB4 در بافت­های مختلف گوسفند کرمانی با استفاده از Real Time qPCR. مجله پژوهش در نشخوارکنندگان 4(4)، 132-119.
حیدری نژاد امیر مسعود؛ بابایی زاد ولی­اله؛ رحیمیان، حشمت اله (1394) مطالعه نقش ژنهای PR2 و PAL در مقاومت گیاه برنج به باکتری Acidovorax avenae subsp. Avenae. مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی 7، 81-67.
محمدآبادی محمدرضا (1399) بیان ژن ESR1 در بز کرکی راینی با استفاده از Real Time PCR‎. مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی 12(1)، 192-177.
محمدآبادی محمدرضا (1399) پروفایل بیانی mRNA مختص بافت ژن ESR2 در بز. مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی 12(4)، 181-167.
References
Ahsani MR, Mohammadabadi MR, Asadi Fozi M et al. (2019a) Effect of Roasted Soybean and Canola Seeds on Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptors Gamma (PPARG) Gene Expression and Cattle Milk Characteristics. Iran J Appl Anim Sci 9, 635-642.
Ahsani MR, Mohammadabadi MR, Asadi Fozi M et al. (2019b) Leptin gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue of Holstein dairy cattle using Real Time PCR. Agric Biotechnol J 11, 135-150 (In Persian).
Benitez T, Rincon AM, Limon MC, Codon AC (2004) Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma strains. Int Microbiol 7, 249-260.
Doni F, Isahak A, Zain CRCM et al. (2014) Formulation of Trichoderma sp. SL2 inoculants using different carriers for soil treatment in rice seedling growth. Springerplus 3, 532.
Elamawi RMA, El-Shafey RAS (2013) Inhibition effects of silver nanoparticles against rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea. Egypt J Agric Res 91, 1271-1283.
Feng J-X, Cao L, Li J et al. (2011) Involvement of OsNPR1/NH1 in rice basal resistance to blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Eur J Plant Pathol 131, 1-16.
Filippi MC, Silva GB, Silva-Lobo VL et al. (2014) Induction of resistance to rice leaf blast by avirulent isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae. Amazonian J Agric Environ Sci 57, 388-395.
Ghoniem AA, Abd El-Hai KM, El-khateeb AY, Eldadamony NM ET AL. (2021) Enhancing the potentiality of Trichoderma harzianum against Pythium pathogen of beans using chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla, L.) flower extract. Molecules 26 (4), 1178.
Gomes EV, Ulhoa CJ, Cardoza RE et al. (2017) Involvement of trichoderma harzianum Epl-1 protein in the regulation of botrytis virulenceand tomato defense-related genes. Front. Plant Sci 29 (8), 880.
Harman GE, Howell CR, Viterbo A et al. (2004) Trichoderma species—opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nat Rev Microbiol 2, 43-56.
Hermosa R, Viterbo A, Chet I, Monte E (2012) Plant-beneficial effects of Trichoderma and of its genes. Microbiology 158, 17-25.
Herrera-Téllez VI, Cruz-Olmedo AK, Plasencia J et al. (2019) The protective effect of Trichoderma asperellum on tomato plants against Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea diseases involves inhibition of reactive oxygen species production. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20(8), 2007.
Heydari-Nezhad AM, Babaeizad V, Rahimian H (2016) Studying PR2 and PAL genes involvement in rice resistance against Acidovorax avenae subsp. Avenae. Agric Biotechnol J 7, 67-81. (in Persian)
Hidangmayum A, Dwivedi P (2018) Plant responses to Trichoderma spp. and their tolerance to abiotic Stresses: A review. J Pharmacogn and Phytochem 7, 758-766.
IRRI (2013) Standard Evaluation System for Rice. International Rice Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, 1099 Manila, Philippines, pp. 1-55.
Jain N, Vergish S, Khurana, JP (2018) Validation of house-keeping genes for normalization of gene expression data during diurnal/ circadian studies in rice by RT-qPCR. Sci Rep 8, 1-14.
Jwa N-S, Agrawal GK, Tamogami S et al. (2006) Role of defense/stress-related marker genes, proteins and secondary metabolites in defining rice self-defense mechanisms. Pl Physiol Biochem 44, 261–273.
Kim J-S, Lee J, Lee C-H et al. (2015). Activation of pathogenesis-related genes by the rhizobacterium, Bacillus sp. JS, which induce resistance in Tobacco plants. Plant Pathol J 31, 195-201.
Kim ST, Kim SG, Hwang DH et al. (2004) Proteomic analysis of pathogen-responsive proteins from rice leaves induced by rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea. Proteomics 4, 3569–3578.
Li Q, Chen F, Sun L et al. (2006) Expression profiling of rice genes in early defense responses to blast and bacterial blight pathogens using cDNA microarray. Physiol Mol Pl Pathol 68, 51-60.
Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT method. Methods 25, 402-408.
Makandar R, Essing JS, Schapaugh MA et al. (2006) Genetically engineered resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat by expression of Arabidopsis NPR1. Mol Pl Microbe Interact 19, 123-129.
Malnoy M, Jin Q, Borejsza-Wysocka EE et al. (2007) Over-expression of the apple MpNPR1 gene confers increased disease resistance in Malus X domestica. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 20, 1568-1580.
Masoudzadeh SH, Mohammadabadi M, Khezri A, et al. (2020) Effects of diets with different levels of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed powder on DLK1 gene expression in brain, adipose tissue, femur muscle and rumen of Kermani lambs. Small Rumin Res 193, e106276.
Mohammadabadi M (2021) Tissue-specific mRNA expression profile of ESR2 gene in goat. Agric Biotechnol J 12 (4), 167-181 (In Persian).
Mohammadabadi MR (2020) Expression of ESR1 gene in Raini Cashmere goat using Real Time PCR. Agric Biotechnol J 12 (1), 177-192 (In Persian).
Mohammadabadi MR, Kord M, Nazari M (2018) Studying expression of leptin gene in different tissues of Kermani Sheep using Real Time PCR. Agric Biotechnol J 10, 111-122 (In Persian).
Mohammadabadi MR, Tohidinejad F (2017) Charachteristics determination of Rheb gene and protein in Raini Cashmere goat. Iran J Appl Anim Sci 7, 289-295.
Ou SH (1985) Rice Diseases. 2nd edition, Commonwealth Mycological Institute, England, pp.1-380.
Persaud RR, Lipps PE (1995) Virulence gene frequencies of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici in Ohio. Plant Dis 79, 494-499.
Pieterse CMJ, Van Loon LC (2004) NPR1: the spider in the web of induced resistance signaling pathways. Curr Opin Plant Biol 7, 456–464.
Pieterse CMJ, Zamioudis C, Berendsen RL et al. (2014) Induced Systemic Resistance by Beneficial Microbes. Annu Rev Phytopathol 52, 347–75.
Punja ZK (2006) Recent developments toward achieving fungal disease resistance in transgenic plants. Can J Pl Pathol 28, 298-308.
Purwantisari S, Priyatmojo A, Sancayaningsih RP et al. (2018a) Systemic inducing resistance against late blight by applying antagonist Trichoderma Viride. IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1025, 012053.
Purwantisari S, Priyatmojo A, Sancayaningsih RP et al. (2018b) The Resistance of Potatoes by Application of Trichoderma viride Antagonists Fungus. E3S Web Conf 73, 06014.
Quilis J, Peñas G, Messeguer J et al. (2008) The Arabidopsis AtNPR1 Inversely Modulates Defense Responses Against Fungal, Bacterial, or Viral Pathogens While Conferring Hypersensitivity to Abiotic Stresses in Transgenic Rice. Mol Pl Microbe Interact 21, 1215–1231.
Ribot C, Hirsch J, Batzergue S et al. (2008) Susceptibility of rice to the blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. J Pl Physiol 165, 114-124.
Rios JA, Rodrigues FA, Debona D et al. (2014) Induction of resistance to Pyricularia oryzae in wheat by acibenzolar-S-methyl, ethylene and jasmonic acid. Trop Pl Pathol 39, 224-233.
Roy-Barman SR, Chattoo BB (2005) Rice blast fungus sequence. Curr Seq 89, 930-931.
Saksiriraz W, Chareerak P, Bunyatrachata W (2009) Induced systemic resistance of biocontrol fungus, Trichoderma spp. Against bacterial and gray leaf spot in tomatoes. Asian J Food Agro-Ind 2, 99-104.
Sallam NMA, Eraky AMI, Sallam A (2019) Efect of Trichoderma spp. On Fusarium wilt disease of tomato. Mol. Biol. Rep 46 (4), 4463-4470.
Sayari M, Babaeizad V, Tajick Ghanbari MA, Rahimian H (2014) Expression of the pathogenesis related proteins, NH-1, PAL, and lipoxygenase in the iranian Tarom and Khazar rice cultivars, in reaction to Rhizoctonia solani-the causal agent of rice sheath blight. J Pl Prot Res 54, 36-43.
Sena APA, Chaibub AA, Côrtes MVCB et al. (2013) Increased enzymatic activity in rice leaf blast suppression by crude extract of Epicoccum sp. Trop pl pathol 38, 1-17.
Shoresh M, Mastouri F, Harman GE (2010) Induced systemic resistance and plant responses to fungal biocontrol agents. Annu Rev Phytopathol. 48, 21-43.
Silva RN, Monteiro VN, Steindorff AS et al. (2019) Trichoderma/pathogen/plant interaction in pre-harvest food security. Fungal Biol 123, 565-583.
Singh U, Malviya D, Singh S et al. (2019) Trichoderma harzianum- and Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Resistance to Bipolaris sorokiniana Through Enhanced Phenylpropanoid Activities in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Front Microbiol. 10, 1697.
Sood M, Kapoor D, Kumar V et al. (2020) Trichoderma: The “Secrets” of a Multitalented Biocontrol Agent. Plants 9, 762.
Swain H, Adak T, Mukherjee AK et al. (2018) Novel Trichoderma strains isolated from tree barks as potential biocontrol agents and biofertilizers for direct seeded rice. Microbiol Res 214, 83–90.
Tohidi nezhad F, Mohammadabadi MR, Esmailizadeh AK, Najmi Noori A (2015) Comparison of different levels of Rheb gene expression in different tissues of Raini Cashmir goat. Agric Biotechnol J 6, 35-50.
Van Loon LC, Van Strien EA (1999) The families of pathogenesis-related proteins, their activities and comparative analysis of PR-1 type proteins. Physiol Mol Pl Pathol 55, 85-97.
Vierheilig H, Goughlan A, Wyss U, Piche Y (1998) Ink and vinegar, a simple staining technique for arbucular-mycorrhizal fungi. Appl Environ Microbiol 64, 5004-5007.
Waghunde RR, Shelake RM, Sabalpara AN (2016) Trichoderma: A significant fungus for agriculture and environment. Afr J Agric Res 11, 1952-1965.
Yuan Y, Zhong S, Li Q et al. (2007) Functional analysis of rice NPR1-like genes reveals that OsNPR1/NH1 is the rice orthologue conferring disease resistance with enhanced herbivore susceptibility. Pl Biotechnol J 5, 313–324.
Zhang Z, Li G, Li W, Song F (2009) Transgenic strategies for improving rice disease resistance. Afr J Biotechnol 8, 1750-1757.
Agricultural Biotechnology Journal
Volume 13, Issue 3
October 2021
Pages 107-130

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics