The impact of chitosan on the activation of genes related to resistance against rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Plant Protection. Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. Sari. Iran

2 Department of Plant Protection, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University

3 Department of Plant Protection, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran

4 Genetic and Agricultural Biotechnologhy Institute of Tabarestan, Sari. Iran

10.22103/jab.2024.23050.1555

Abstract

Objective
Rice is a staple food for half the world's population. The sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani poses a significant threat to rice production. While fungicides are commonly used to control plant diseases, they pose significant risks to human health and the environment. Therefore, finding biocompatible compounds that are effective in disease control is essential. Chitosan, a biocompatible compound, has been demonstrated in various studies to reduce damage. The objective of this research is to explore the induction of resistance in two domestic varieties of rice using chitosan against the fungus responsible for pod burn.
Materials and Methods
In the research, rice seedlings (cultivar Tarom and Khazar) were cultured and treated with chitosan. After 48 hours, the seedlings were infected with R. solani. Samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after the pathogen treatment. Total RNA was extracted from the samples, and cDNA was synthesized. Gene transcript analysis was conducted using the qPCR technique with specific primers PAL, LOX, PR1, PR3, and PR5 genes.
Results
The variance analysis results indicated that changes in the expression levels of PAL, LOX, PR1, PR3, and PR5 genes were significant across all sources. Significant differences were observed in the expression levels of all genes. This suggests that genes in the resistant cultivar have a higher expression potential compared to the sensitive cultivar, leading to faster and more extensive-expression during contamination.
Conclusion
In this study, chitosan increased the expression of PAL, LOX, PR1, PR3 and PR5 genes in treated plants compared to control plants. The results of this study demonstrate that applying one gram per liter of chitosan to the aerial parts of plants induces proteins related to pathogenicity and creates physical and chemical barriers against pathogens. Consequently, it can be utilized in agricultural management to decrease R. solani contamination in rice and is a viable alternative to fungicides.

Keywords

References

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Agricultural Biotechnology Journal
Volume 16, Issue 4
January 2025
Pages 77-98

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