Effect of drought stress on morphological traits and proteome expression patterns in wheat leaf

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MSc Student, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz. Iran.

2 Professor of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz. Iran.

10.22103/jab.2024.22025.1504

Abstract

Recent advances in molecular biology methods have raised hopes that by identifying candidate proteins for drought tolerance, significant steps can be taken to increase wheat yield. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of drought stress on morphological traits and leaf proteome pattern of the new wheat cultivar, Sadra.
Materials and methods
An experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions and controlled conditions. Sadra cultivar was grown at two irrigation levels: normal irrigation and water deficit stress with 10 replications. Water deficit stress was applied to the stress treatment pots 20 days after planting. Analysis of wheat leaf tissue proteome was performed using two-dimensional electrophoresis and Coomassie blue staining. After spot detection, the t-test was performed for the volumetric percentage of protein spots as well as morphological data. Moreover, the upregulation and downregulation of protein spots due to water deficit stress were determined based on induction factor. Protein spots with expression changes were identified using mass spectrometry.
Results
Morphological data analysis showed statistically significant differences between irrigation levels for leaf area, plant height, fresh and dry weight of roots and aerial parts, and root volume. Two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis of leaf tissue proteome revealed that out of 136 discernible protein spots in Coomassie blue staining, 24 protein spots showed statistically significant expression changes under drought stress compared to normal conditions. Among these, 10 spots exhibited decreased expression, and 14 spots showed increased expression under water deficit conditions compared to the control. These protein spots were identified based on their isoelectric points and molecular weights and further confirmed using mass spectrometry. The identified proteins in this study were categorized into glycolysis, photosynthesis, electron transport chain, Calvin cycle, carbon metabolism, ROS scavenging and detoxification, cellular structure, and stress response pathways.
Conclusions
The findings suggest that drought stress significantly affects morphological traits and leaf proteome pattern in the Sadra wheat cultivar. Understanding the proteomic changes under drought stress can provide insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in wheat drought tolerance and contribute to the development of more resilient wheat cultivars.

Keywords

References

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Agricultural Biotechnology Journal
Volume 16, Issue 4
January 2025
Pages 167-188

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