Evaluation of morphological traits and nitrate reductase gene expression involved in nitrogen metabolism in bread wheat roots

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.S. Student, Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

10.22103/jab.2025.23210.1561

Abstract

Objective: Since Iran is located in a dry and semi-arid region, the amount of organic matter in its soils is low and as a result, they have low levels of nitrogen. Most of the plants in these areas are deficient in nitrogen, and for this reason, it is necessary to provide nitrogen through chemical and organic fertilizers. Therefore, in this research, the effects of urea fertilizer regime on the differential expression of nitrate reductase gene and morphological traits in two wheat genotypes were investigated. Was placed.
Materials and methods: A factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with four replications in the research farm of Alou University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gorgan. The experimental treatments included the factorial combination of two wheat genotypes (Morvarid number and N8019 line) and two different urea regimes (150 kg per hectare, divided by 50 kg at the time of planting, 100 kg at the stem stage and control (without fertilizer). Root tissues were collected three times including one day and seven days after fertilizer application and at the stage of physiological maturity.Nitrate reductase gene expression was measured using QRT-PCR technique.
Results: Examining the effect of urea fertilizer on stem length, spike length, number of spikes and number of seeds in a spike showed that urea fertilizer had a significant effect on all these traits so that the said traits increased with the fertilizer treatment. In this study, the expression of the nitrate reductase gene in the pearl variety treated with urea fertilizer compared to the control (without urea fertilizer) increased in all three stages of sampling, so that the highest increase was in the first stage of sampling (one day after vinegar fertilizer). had the But in N8019 line, the expression of nitrate reductase gene increased in the first sampling stage and decreased in the next stages.
Conclusion: The results showed that there is a significant difference in gene expression with the use of urea in two genotypes. The use of urea has improved all agricultural traits except seed weight. The increase in seed yield was due to the higher number of seeds per spike. With the passage of time, in the next stages of sampling, the amount of nitrate inside the plant increases

Keywords

References

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Agricultural Biotechnology Journal
Volume 17, Issue 2
May 2025
Pages 79-106

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