Advancing crop-climate resilience through plant biotechnology for sustainable agriculture

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

2 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Ramanagara District, Karnataka, 562112, India

4 Department of Science, Maharishi University of Information Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

5 Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura- 140417, Punjab, India.

6 Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh-174103 India.

7 ISME, ATLAS SkillTech University, Mumbai, India.

Abstract

Objective
The article talks about how modern plant biotechnology can be used to make crops more resilient to climatic changes and other environmental pressures. It focuses on coming up with sustainable models to increase agricultural productivity and food security through the combination of genetic, molecular and agronomic information. As the conventional agricultural crop improvement methods are proving not to be effective in ensuring that crops are stress-resistant and yield consistent results, this review outlines the way in which biotechnology may be scaled to improve crop-climate resilience.
Materials and methods
The present study has its methodology grounded on a systematic review inspired by an analytical synthesis of peer-reviewed articles published between 2015-2025. The information was obtained in the popular scientific databases, i.e., Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The review will cover the experimental findings of the recent applications of genome editing systems (CRISPR/Cas9, TALENs), transgenic crop research, and systems of integrated molecular models. Gene changes that raised abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, yield stability, and nutrient efficiency were compared to analyze the changes.
Results
The results show that biotechnological developments have greatly improved the flexibility and yield of plants. This is through genome editing tools and, in particular, CRISPR/Cas9, which made it possible to conduct specific alterations to genes that are involved in disease-causing stress, resulting in improved drought and heat resistance and pests in staple food crops such as rice, maize, and soybean. Moreover, the omics-artificial intelligence approach in crop modeling has also increased the development of production sustainability and optimal resource usage predictive models. As the key to the reduction of the ecological footprints, the collaboration of biotechnological inventions with sustainable agricultural practices, such as precision irrigation and enhancement of the soil microbiome, are also developed in the research.
Conclusions
Last but not least, this paper outlines how biotechnology can transform the future to foster a strong sustainable future of agriculture. In addition to the fact that genetic innovation, in combination with eco-centric farming technology ensures not only a higher level of crop productivity and more stable environment but also promotes the evolution of agriculture in the most ethical and inclusive manner. There will be a need to invest more in precise gene editing, bioinformatics and sustainability orientated technology to enable world food security goals to be attained without interfering with the ecosystem integrity.

Keywords

References

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Agricultural Biotechnology Journal
Volume 18, Issue 1
January 2026
Pages 363-380

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