Evaluating CRISPR applications in marine animal biotechnology for improved food industry sustainability

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Marine Engineering, AMET Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpet, Tamil Nadu - 603 305, India.

2 Department of Marine Engineering, AMET Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpet, Tamil Nadu, 603 305, India.

Abstract

Objective
Aquaculture is the world’s fastest-growing food-producing industry, its offer’s solutions to food insecurity driven by climate change, population growth, and limited resources. However, this sector faces many challenges, including outbreaks of disease, poor growth rates, reproductive issues, and environmental risks caused by fish escaped from the farm. This study aims to solve the above problem by using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology as a solution in marine animal biotechnology. The main goal of this study is to find how the CRISPR technology works to improve the genetic traits of farmed fish. It looks at how this technology can help fish like Atlantic salmon, tilapia, and catfish grow faster, resist diseases, handle stress better and control reproduction. The study also explores the ethical concerns, environmental effects, and trade issues related to using gene editing in fish farming.
Materials and methods
This study is based on a detailed review of earlier scientific research, mainly looking at gene-editing experiments, changes in fish traits, rules and regulations, and how CRISPR is used in fish farming. It focuses on the successful use of CRISPR-Cas9 to make sterile fish (to stop them from passing genes into the wild), lower the risk of viral infections, help fish use feed more efficiently, and improve their nutritional value.
Results
The results show that CRISPR-Cas9 can greatly boost fish farming by creating fish that grow faster, have better muscle quality, and are more resistant to diseases. It also helps reduce the use of chemicals and antibiotics. However, there are still some concerns, such as the risk of unwanted genetic changes, the chance of edited genes spreading to wild fish, the possible loss of biodiversity, and the fact that small farmers may not have easy access to this technology.
Conclusions
The CRISPR-Cas9 has strong capability to improve eco-friendly in the aquaculture industry. It provides innovative tools to defend the key challenges and can help meet the growing global demand for safe and nutritious seafood. However, to use the CRISPR technology in a safe way, we need stricter rules, better awareness, equal access and long-term tracking of environmental impacts.

Keywords

References

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Agricultural Biotechnology Journal
Volume 18, Issue 2
February 2026
Pages 365-376

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