ارزیابی مسیرهای بیوسنتز گاما آمینو بوتریک اسید (GABA) در نخود زراعی (Cicer arietinum L.) تحت تنش سرما

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرج دانشگاه تهران

2 پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرج دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

هدف: سازگاری متابولیکی گیاهان به تنش سرما نقش مهمی در رشد، بقا و عملکرد گیاهان زراعی دارد. گاماآمینوبوتریک اسید (GABA) به­ عنوان اسمولیت احتمالا در جهت مقابله با تنش اکسیداتیو القا شده توسط سرما مشارکت دارد.
روش: در این پژوهش میزان GABA، پوتریسین(Put)، پراکسیدهیدروژن (H2O2)، فعالیت آنزیم دی‌آمین‌اکسیداز (DAO) و بیان نسبی ژن‌ گلوتامات دکربوکسیلاز (GAD1) (موثر در بیوسنتز GABA) در دو ژنوتیپ متحمل (Sel96th11439) و حساس (ILC533) نخود زراعی (Cicer arietinum L.) تحت تنش سرما چهار درجه سلسیوس به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی مطالعه شد.
نتایج:در ژنوتیپ متحمل میزان H2O2 پس از افزایش معنی‌دار در روز اول تنش، در روز ششم کاهش معنی‌داری در مقایسه با شاهد نشان داد (بیش از 7/4 درصد در حالی‌که تجمع آن در ژنوتیپ حساس مشاهده شد (تا50 درصد)، نتایجی که بیانگر سازگاری نسبی به سرما در ژنوتیپ متحمل بود. تحت تنش سرما میزان متابولیت‌هایGABA و  Putدر ژنوتیپ متحمل به ترتیب تا 14 و 35 درصد بیشتر از ژنوتیپ حساس بود. بهموازات افزایش میزان GABA تحتتنشسرما، در ژنوتیپ متحمل فعالیت آنزیم DAO و بیان نسبی ژن GAD1به‌عنوان مسیرهای بیوسنتز این متابولیت افزایش معنی­دارییافت (به ترتیب تا 3 و 17 برابر). حداکثر فعالیت این دو مسیر در ژنوتیپمتحملدرروزششم پسازتنشسرمامشاهدهشد.
نتیجه­گیری: تحت تنش سرما تجمع GABA در ژنوتیپ متحمل منجر به کاهش آسیب سلولی (نتایج H2O2) و بهبود درجه تحمل نخود به سرما شد. چنینشاخص­هاییدرارزیابیژنوتیپ­هاینخودتحتتنش سرما موثر بوده و بکارگیریآنهادربرنامه‌هایبه‌نژادیمفیداست.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthetic pathway in chickpea under cold stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Amini 1
  • Reza Maali 2
1 College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj
2 Faculty member of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj,
چکیده [English]

Objective
Metabolic adaptation to cold stress plays an important role in the growth, survival and yield of crops. Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) as an osmolyte may take part in counteracting the oxidative stress induced by cold stress in chickpea.
 
Material and methods
In this experiment, content of Putrescine (Put),GABA, Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2), activity of Diamine Oxidase (DAO) andrelative expression ofGlutamate Gecarboxylase1 (GAD1)gene in cold-tolerant (Sel96th11439) and cold-sensitive (ILC533) chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes under cold stress (4°C)as a factorial experiment in a Completely Randomized Designwere studied.
 
Results
In tolerant genotype H2O2 content after a significant increase on the first day of cold stress decreased significantly on the sixth day of cold stress compared to control conditions (up to 4.7%) while its accumulation was observed in sensitive genotype (up to 50%). These results indicated a relative acclimation to cold stress in tolerant genotype. Under cold stress, GABA and Put contents in tolerant genotype was higher compared to sensitive genotype (up to 14% and 35%, respectively). Under cold stress, in tolerant genotype increasing GABA content was accompanied with an increase in DAO activity and relative expression of GAD1 gene as biosynthetic pathways of this metabolite (up to 3- and 17-fold, respectively). The maximum activity of these two pathways was observed in tolerant genotype on the sixth day of cold stress.
 
            Conclusions
Under cold stress, the accumulation of GABA in tolerant genotype led to reduced cell damage (H2O2 results) and improved cold tolerance. These indices were useful in assessment of chickpea genotypes under cold stress and breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Diamine Oxidase (DAO)
  • Gene expression
  • Hydrogen peroxide
  • Cold tolerance
  • Glutamate Decarboxylase1
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