نقش پلی‌آمین‌ها در پاسخ به تنش‌های غیر زیستی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (تات)، کرج، ایران،

2 استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرج، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

چکیده:
هدف: رشد و نمو، بهره‌وری و عملکرد و توزیع جغرافیایی گیاهان تحت تاثیر تنش‌های غیر زیستی بطور پیوسته تغییر می‌کند. برای تداوم حیات و حفاظت از شرایط نامطلوب محیطی، گیاهان رویکرد‌های پیچیده سازگاری و مقابله با تنش‌های محیطی را توسعه داده‌اند که در زمینه این سازوکارهای دفاعی می‌توان به تجمع متابولیت‌هایی مانند پلی‌آمین‌های متداول آلیفاتیک شامل پوترسین، اسپرمیدین و اسپرمین اشاره کرد.
نتایج: در طی دو دهه گذشته، رویکردهای نوین ژنتیکی، ترانسکریپتومیک، پروتئومیک، متابولومیک، فنومیک، کارکردهای اساسی پلی-آمین‌ها را در تنظیم تحمل تنش‌های غیر زیستی آشکار ساخته‌اند. پژوهش‌ها نشان داده‌اند که پلی‌آمین‌ها به‌دلیل دارا بودن ماهیت پلی-کاتیونی در pH فیزیولوژیک و قابلیت اتصال مستحکم به مولکول‌های بار منفی مانند اسیدهای نوکلئیک، پروتئین‌ها و فسفولیپیدها قادر به تنظیم هموستازی گونه‌های فعال اکسیژن (ROS) شده و از طریق تنظیم و پایداری سامانه‌های دفاع آنتی‌اکسیدانی یا سرکوب تولید ROS در بهبود تحمل تنش فعالیت می‌کنند. تحت تنش‌های اکسیداتیوی که به‌دنبال اثر تنش‌های محیطی ایجاد می‌شود، علاوه بر میزان بیوسنتز پلی‌آمین‌ها، میزان تخریب آنها نیز در حفاظت از متابولیسم سلولی مهم بوده به‌طوری که گیاهان با تولید متابولیت‌ها و پیام-رسان‌های سلولی دیگر، هم در فرآیند دفاع و هم در تولید انرژی ضروری سلول در چرخه کربس مشارکت می‌کند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نقش مهم پلی‌آمین‌ها در تحمل به تنش توسط شواهد متعددی نشان داده که میزان رونوشت ژن‌های مسیر بیوسنتزی آنها و همچنین فعالیت آنزیم‌های مرتبط، توسط تنش‌ها القا می‌شوند. افزایش میزان پلی‌آمین‌ها یا افزایش بیان ژن‌های مسیر بیوسنتزی آنها از طریق محلول‌پاشی با پلی‌آمین‌ها، منجر به افزایش تحمل تنش می‌شود و اینکه کاهش پلی‌آمین‌های سلول با کاهش تحمل به تنش همراه بوده است. ب ب ب ب با توجه به تنوع فعالیت‌های زیستی پلی‌آمین‌ها و مسیر سنتز و تخریب آن در گیاهان زراعی، شناسایی شبکه‌های مولکولی و انتخاب ژن‌ها می‌تواند به‌عنوان کاندیدی در برنامه‌های به‌نژادی و تولید ارقام تجاری متحمل به تنش‌ بکار گرفته شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The role of polyamines in response to abiotic stresses

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Amini 1
  • Reza Maali Amiri 2
1 Assistant professor, Department of Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute (SPCRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P. O. Box: 31535-1516, Karaj, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj,
چکیده [English]

Under the influence of various abiotic stresses, the growth, development and geographic distribution of plants change. In order to survive adverse environmental conditions and to sustain life, plants have evolved various combat and adaptive strategies to enviromntal stresses, which in the context of these defense mechanisms, is referred to metabolites accumulation such as common aliphatic polyamines (PAs) including putrescine, spermidine, and spermine.
Results
Over the last two decades, genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and phenomic modern approaches have unraveled many significant functions of different PAs in the regulation of plant abiotic stress tolerance. Studies have demonstrated that because of their polycationic nature at physiological pH, and strong binding ability to negatively charged molecules in cellular components such as nucleic acids, proteins, and phospholipids, PAs enable to largely modulate the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and also due to regulating and stabilizating antioxidant defense systems or suppressing ROS production improve stress tolerance in plants. Environmental stresses-induced oxidative stresses can be managed by both PAs biosynthesis and their degradation, leading protection of cell metabolism. This is ascribed to generating other metabolited and also signal molecules which participate in defense systems and energy production in Krebs cycle.
Conclusions
Important role of polyamines in stress tolerance by several lines of evidences has shown that transcript levels of polyamines-biosynthetic genes as well as the activity of related enzymes are induced by stresses. Increasing the polyamines level or expression of their biosynthetic genes through spraying with polyamines leads to an increase in stress tolerance. The reduction of polyamines has been associated with the reduction of tolerance to stress. Considering the variety of bioactivities of polyamines and their biosynthesis and degradating pathways in crop plants, this metabolic pathway in plants, identification of molecular networks and selection of effective genes can be used as candidates in breeding programs and production of stress-tolerant commercial cultivars.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Stress
  • Plant tolerance
  • Signaling
  • Antioxidant
  • Polyamines
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