تولید بیوکمپوست غنی شده از پسماندهای برنج به روش‌های بیوتکنولوژیک در سطح پایلوت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

2 استاد پژوهشی، پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

3 مربی پژوهشی، پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

4 استادیار پژوهشی، پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

هدف: سالیانه در جهان میلیون‌ها تن پسماند کشاورزی تولید می‌شود که با وجود پتانسیل استفاده در صنایع مختلف، در بسیاری از نقاط دنیا کاربرد خاصی پیدا نکرده‌اند. برای نمونه از 1150 میلیون تن کاه و کلش برنج تولیدی، 80 درصد آن سوزانده می‌شود که سوزاندن یک تن آن باعث تولید 2/2-2 کیلوگرم انواع گازهای گلخانه‌ای و سایر آسیب‌های زیست محیطی می‌شود. استفاده از ریزجانداران دارای فعالیت هیدرولازی بالا در راستای تبدیل پسماندها به کمپوست، یکی از روش‌های جایگزین سوزاندن به شمار می‌رود. در تحقیق حاضر پس از جداسازی، خالص‌سازی و غربال فعالیت آنزیمی قارچ Thermoascus aurantiacus و Trichoderma sp و باکتری‌های Bacillus licheniformis، Nocardiopsis alba، B. subtilis در کنار بهینه‌سازی سایر افزودنی‌ها، امکان تولید کمپوست از کاه و کلش برنج بررسی شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: یک سویه قارچی و سه سویه باکتری به عنوان سویه‌های برتر از توده کمپوست دیگری جداسازی و توان هیدرولازی آنها روی محیط‌های اختصاصی ارزیابی شد. تولید کمپوست با بهینه‌سازی مواد افزودنی به همراه دو پروه میکروارگانیسم شامل M1 (Bacillus licheniformis، Nocardiopsis alba، B. Subtilis و قارچ Thermoascus aurantiacus) و M2 (Bacillus licheniformis، Nocardiopsis alba، B. subtilis و قارچ Trichoderma sp.) در قالب 8 تیمار با 3 تکرار به مدت 8 هفته انجام شد. خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی تغییرات دما، pH، EC، نسبت C/N، میزان فلزات سنگین و عناصر غذایی، میزان سمیت و تاثیر بر روی رشد گندم در طی هشت هفته بررسی شد.
نتایج: بررسی‌ها نشان داد سویه قارچی T. aurantiacus و سه سویه باکتری Bacillus licheniformis، Nocardiopsis alba، B. Subtilis بیشترین فعالیت آنزیمی در تجزیه زایلان، سلولز، لیگنین و نشاسته داشتند. تیمار G (واجد کود مرغی وM1) سبب افزایش معنی‌دار دمای توده کاه و کلش برنج تا 69 درجه سلسیوس و همچنین کاهش معنی‌دار نسبت C/N به میزان48/73 درصد در فرآیند تولید کمپوست(در سطح پایلوت) شد. آزمون شاخص جوانه‌زنی نشان داد تیمار G هیچ گونه سمیت گیاهی روی بذر مدل نداشته و بیشترین تاثیر مثبت را بر روی شاخص‌های رشد گندم به ویژه شاخص سطح برگ و شاخص سطح ویژه برگ نسبت به شاهد داشت. همچنین آنالیز خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی تیمار G با استاندارد ملی تولید کمپوست همخوانی داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به مقایسه تیمارهای واجد میکروارگانیسم و فاقد آن مشخص شد توان هیدرولیزی T. aurantiacus دارای بیشترین تاثیر مثبت بر خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی به ویژه کاهش نسبت کربن به نیتروژن کمپوست داشته و می‌تواند به عنوان افزودنی تجاری در تولید کمپوست در نیل به کاهش زمان تولید و افزایش کیفیت محصول نهایی مطرح شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Enriched Biocompost production from rice straw using biotechnology approaches at pilot scale

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Sharafi 1
  • Gholamreza Salehi Jouzani 2
  • Ebrahim Karimi 3
  • Hossein Ghanavati, 4
  • Mojegan Kowsari, 4
1 Ph.D. Student/Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran
2 Corresponding author. Professor, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
3 Instructor, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
4 Assistant professor, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objective
Various type of agricultural waste is produced annually in the world, which have not found special application in many parts of the world. Using microorganisms with high hydrolysis activity to convert waste into compost is one of the alternative methods of incineration. In the present study, after screening the enzymatic activity of Thermoascus aurantiacus, Trichoderma sp, Bacillus licheniformis, Nocardiopsis alba and B. subtilis bacteria along with the optimization of other additives, the possibility of compost production from rice straw was investigated.
Materials and Methods
One fungal and three bacterial strains were isolated from another compost and their hydrolysis power were evaluated on specific media. Compost production was performed by optimizing the additives along with the superior microorganisms including M1 (Bacillus licheniformis, Nocardiopsis alba, B. Subtilis and Thermoascus aurantiacus) and M2 (Bacillus licheniformis, Nocardiopsis alba, B. subtilis and Trichoderma sp.) in enzymatic activity in the form of 6 treatments with 3 replications for 8 weeks. Physicochemical properties of temperature, pH, EC, C/N ratio, amount of heavy metals and nutrients, toxicity and impact on wheat growth during eight weeks were investigated.
Results
Studies showed that fungal strain T. aurantiacus and three bacterial strains Bacillus licheniformis, Nocardiopsis alba and B. subtilis has the highest enzymatic activity in the breakdown of xylan, cellulose, lignin and starch. Treatment G (containing poultry manure and T. aurantiacus) caused a significant increase in temperature of rice straw mass (63 °C) and also a significant decrease in C/N ratio (73.48%) (at the pilot level). Germination index test showed that G treatment did not have phytotoxicity and had the most positive effect on wheat growth indexes compared to the control.
Conclusions
According to the comparison of treatments with and without microorganisms, it was found that the hydrolysis power of T. aurantiacus has the most positive effect on physicochemical properties, especially reducing the C/N ratio and can be used as a commercial additive in compost production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keyword: Rice straw
  • Biocompost
  • Microbial booster
  • Pilot
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