بررسی نقش ژن‌های Alk، PAH و CYP153 در حذف آلاینده‌های قیر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز ملی آزمایشگاه ها و تحقیقات ساختمانی، آزمایشگاه ساختمانی واسط، الکوت، واسط، عراق.

2 گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه واسط، عراق.

10.22103/jab.2024.24493.1634

چکیده

هدف: آلکان هیدروکسیلاز آنزیمی است که در مرحله اول تجزیه آلکان نقش دارد و ژن alkB برای تجزیه زیستی قیر مهم است زیرا قیر حاوی مقدار زیادی هیدروکربن مانند آلکان است، باکتری‌هایی با ژن alkane monooxygenase (AlkB) می‌توانند آن را تجزیه کنند. مکانیسم‌های تنظیمی می‌توانند پیچیده و مختص گونه باشند. آنزیم‌هایی وجود دارند که توسط ژن PAH کدگذاری شده‌اند که تجزیه هیدروکربن‌های آروماتیک چند حلقه‌ای (PAHs) را آغاز می‌کنند وPAH ها آلاینده های خطرناکی هستند که می توانند در آب و خاک شناسایی شوند. یک آلکان هیدروکسیلاز، به ویژه آنزیم سیتوکروم P450، توسط ژن سیتوکروم P450 کلاس I P450 (CYP153) کدگذاری می‌شود. این آنزیم برای تجزیه بیولوژیکی هیدروکربن ها، که شامل قیر است، ضروری است. آنزیم‌های متعلق به خانواده سیتوکروم P450 نقش مهمی در متابولیسم بسیاری از ترکیبات مختلف، از جمله آن‌هایی که برای بدن خارجی هستند، ایفا می‌کنند. یکی از اجزای اصلی قیر، آلکان ها، می توانند توسط آنزیم CYP153 اکسید شوند. بنابراین، هدف از این مطالعه بررسی نقش ژن‌هایAlk، PAH و CYP153 در حذف آلاینده‌های قیر بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: DNA ژنومی با استفاده از کیت استاندارد استخراج DNA استخراج شد. کیفیت و کمیت DNA استخراج شده با استفاده از دستگاه نانو دراپ تعیین شد. از پرایمرهای اختصاصی برای تکثیر ژن‌های AlkB، PAHs و Cyp153 استفاده شد. مشاهده قطعات تکثیر شده با استفاده از ترانس‌ایلمیناتور در زیر نور ماوراء بنفش انجام و عکسبرداری شد.
نتایج: DNA استخراج شده کیفیت و کمیت خوبی (10ng/μL) داشت. آلکان منواکسیژناز (alkB)، PAH و CYP153 سه ژن کلیدی کدکننده آنزیم هستند که به ترتیب نقش اساسی در کانی سازی مواد شیمیایی آلیفاتیک و PAH دارند. حضور این سه ژن (alkB، PAH و CYP153) بر اساس تکثیر PCR شناسایی و روی ژل آگارز مشاهده شد. فراوانی ژن‌های استفاده‌کننده از قیر متفاوت بود. بالاترین فراوانی برای ژن CYP152 و کمترین فراوانی برای ژن AlkB بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پتانسیل کاربردهای زیست پالایی را به ویژه در مناطق آلوده به قیر با استفاده از باکتری‌های بومی مانند سودوموناس آئروژینوزا برای تایید اثربخشی این باکتری‌ها در محیط‌های عملی و ایجاد تکنیک‌های زیست پالایی مقیاس‌پذیر برای کاهش آلودگی هیدروکربنی نشان می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Exploring the role of Alk, PAH and CYP153 genes in removing of bitumen contaminants

نویسندگان [English]

  • Dhuha Majid Hassouni 1
  • Melad Khalaf Mohammed 2
1 National Center for Laboratories and Construction Research, Wasit Construction Laboratory, AL-Kut, Wasit, Iraq.
2 Department of Biology, College of Science, Wasit University, Iraq.
چکیده [English]

Objective
Alkane hydroxylase is an enzyme involved in the first stage of alkane degradation the alkB gene is important for the biodegradation of bitumen because bitumen contains a lot of hydrocarbons such as alkanes, bacteria with the is alkane monooxygenase (AlkB) gene can break it down. The regulatory mechanisms can be intricate and species-specific; there are enzymes encoded by the PAH gene that initiate the breakdown of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); and PAHs are dangerous pollutants that can be detected in water and soil. An alkane hydroxylase, specifically a cytochrome P450 enzyme, is encoded by the cytochrome P450 Class I P450 (CYP153) gene. this enzyme is essential for the biodegradation of hydrocarbons, which includes bitumen. Enzymes belonging to the cytochrome P450 family play an important role in the metabolism of many different compounds, including those that are foreign to the body. One of bitumen's main components, alkanes, can be oxidized by the enzyme CYP153. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the role of Alk, PAH and CYP153 genes in removing of bitumen contaminants.

Materials and Methods
Genomic DNA was extracted using the standard DNA extraction Kit. The quality and quantity of extracted DNA were determined using nanodrop device. The specific primers were used to amplify AlkB, PAHs and Cyp153 genes. Visualization of the amplified fragments was performed using a transilluminator under ultraviolet light and photographed.

Results
Extracted DNA had good quality and quantity (10ng/μL). Alkane monooxygenase (alkB), PAH, and CYP153 are three key enzyme-encoding genes that play an essential role in the mineralization of aliphatic and PAH chemicals, respectively. The presence of these three genes (alkB, PAH, and CYP153) was detected based on PCR amplification and visualized on agarose gel. Frequency of bitumen utilization genes was different. It was the highest for CYP152 gene and the lowest for AlkB gene.

Conclusions
The results highlight the potential for bioremediation applications, especially in bitumen-contaminated areas of employing native bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa to validate these bacteria's effectiveness in practical settings and create scalable bioremediation techniques for reducing hydrocarbon contamination field research is necessary.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bitumen
  • DNA
  • enzyme
  • PCR amplification
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