شناسایی نشانگرهای ریزماهواره پیوسته با نواحی ژنومی کنترل کننده پرولین و فروکتان در ارقام گندم نان (Triticum aestivum L.) تحت تنش سرما

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه ژنتیک و به‌‌نژادی گیاهی، پردیس کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، گروه اصلاح و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه و استاد، پژوهشکده زیست‌فناوری دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه.

10.22103/jab.2025.23673.1579

چکیده

هدف: تنش سرمایی به عنوان یکی از محدودکننده‌ترین عوامل تولید گندم (Triticum aestivum L.)، به طور قابل توجهی عملکرد این محصول استراتژیک را کاهش می‌دهد. در این راستا، شناسایی نشانگرهای مولکولی مرتبط با ژن‌های دخیل در کنترل صفات مرتبط با مکانیسم‌های تحمل به تنش سرمایی، از جمله تجمع متابولیت‌های محافظتی نظیر پرولین و فروکتان، از اهمیت بسزایی برخوردار است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی ساختار ژنتیکی جمعیت و انجام تجزیه ارتباط نشانگرهای تکرار ساده توالی (SSR) با صفات فیزیولوژیک مرتبط با تحمل به تنش سرمایی در مجموعه‌ای متنوع از ژنوتیپ‌های گندم نان انجام گرفت. این پژوهش در پی آن است تا با شناسایی ارتباطات معنی‌دار بین نشانگرهای SSR و صفات مرتبط با تحمل به سرما، گامی مؤثر در راستای توسعه نشانگرهای کاربردی برای برنامه‌های به‌نژادی گندم و تولید ارقام مقاوم به تنش‌های دمای پایین بردارد.
مواد و روش‌ها: بذور جوانه‌زده 70 ژنوتیپ گندم نان پس از گذراندن دوره بهاره‌سازی، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلدان در گلخانه کشت شدند. در مرحله آغازین خوشه‌دهی (Zadoks GS41-49)، گیاهان به طور جداگانه تحت سطوح دمایی نرمال (8+ درجه سانتی‌گراد) و تنش سرمایی (2- درجه سانتی‌گراد) قرار گرفتند. پس از اعمال تیمارها، میزان پرولین و فروکتان در بافت‌های گیاهی ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف مورد ارزیابی کمی قرار گرفت. به منظور تعیین ساختار ژنتیکی جمعیت و شناسایی احتمالی ژنوتیپ‌های مختلط، تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های نشانگرهای SSR با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Structure V.2.3.4 و روش Bayesian انجام شد. در نهایت، میزان عدم تعادل پیوستگی (Linkage disequilibrium) و تجزیه ارتباطی (Association analysis) بین نشانگرهای SSR و صفات فیزیولوژیک مورد مطالعه (محتوای پرولین و فروکتان تحت شرایط تنش و نرمال) با استفاده از مدل خطی مخلوط (Mixed linear model) در نرم‌افزار TASSEL 2.1 محاسبه گردید.
نتایج: ﺑﯿﻦ ژنوتیپ‌ها و ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ دما اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار از لحاظ میزان پرولین و فروکتان مشاهده شد. تجزیه ساختار جمعیت بر اساس داده‌های 24 نشانگرSSR نشان داد 70 ژنوتیپ در سه زیرگروه؛ گروه اول شامل 20 ژنوتیپ، گروه دوم شامل 27 ژنوتیپ و گروه سوم شامل 23 ژنوتیپ تقسیم شدند. 91/0 درصد از جفت مکان‌های SSR ممکن در عدم تعادل پیوستگی مطلق بودند. نتایج تجزیه ارتباطی نشان داد که هشت مکان SSR ارتباط بسیار معنی‌داری با میزان پرولین و فروکتان دارند. در این میان، Xgwm44 قوی‌ترین ارتباط را با صفت پرولین در شرایط تنش نشان داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتیجه‌گیری: نشانگرهای SSR، به‌ویژه Xgwm44 وXgwm319، دارای ارزش بالایی برای کاربرد در انتخاب به کمک نشانگر در به‌نژادی گندم هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of microsatellite markers associated with genomic regions controlling proline and fructan in bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) under cold stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Allahabadi 1
  • Reza Qoli Mirfakhrai 1
  • Reza Darvishzadeh 2
  • Fatemeh Abbaszadeh Panjali Kharabsi 1
1 Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran and Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objective
Cold stress as one of the most limiting factors in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, significantly reduces the yield of this strategic crop. Identifying molecular markers associated with genomic regions controlling traits related to cold stress tolerance such as the accumulation of protective metabolites like proline and fructan is therefore of great importance. This study aimed to investigate the genetic structure and to perform association analysis between simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and physiological traits related to cold stress tolerance in a diverse panel of bread wheat genotypes. The goal was to detect significant associations between SSR markers and traits related to cold tolerance, ultimately contributing to the development of functional markers for wheat breeding programs aimed at enhancing low-temperature stress tolerance.
Materials and methods
Seeds of 70 bread wheat genotypes were vernalized and grown in a completely randomized design with three replications under greenhouse conditions. At the early heading stage (Zadoks GS41-49), plants were exposed separately to +8°C (as normal conditions) and -2°C (as cold stress conditions). After tremperature treatment, proline and fructan contents were measured in plant genotypes. To determine the population’s genetic structure and detect possible admixtures, SSR marker data were analyzed via Bayesian approach in STRUCTURE software v2.3.4. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) and association analysis between SSR markers and physiological traits (proline and fructan contents under normal and cold stress conditions) were performed using the mixed linear model (MLM) in TASSEL software (v2.1.(
Results
A significant difference was observed in the amount of proline and fructan between studied wheat genotypes and temperature levels. Analysis of the population structure based on the data of 24 SSR markers showed that 70 genotypes were subdivided into three subgroups; the first group consiste of 20 genotype, the second group consiste of 27 genotype, and the third group consiste of 23 genotypes. Based on Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis, 0.91% of possible pairs SSR markers were absolutely in linkage disequilibrium. The results of association analysis revealed eight SSR loci that significantly associated with the amount of proline and fructan content. In this context, Xgwm44 showed the strongest relation with the proline trait under cold stress conditions.
Conclusions
SSR markers, especially Xgwm44 and Xgwm319, have high value for use in marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cold stress
  • Fructan
  • Linkage disequilibrium
  • Proline
  • Population structure

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مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی
دوره 17، شماره 3
شهریور 1404
صفحه 153-176

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