تأثیر اسید روزمارینیک بر زنده‌مانی و تکثیر رده‌های سلولی سرطان پستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم زیستی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه فناوری مالزی (UTM)، اسکودای، جوهور، مالزی.

2 گروه میکروب‌شناسی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه القاسم الخضراء، بابل، عراق.

چکیده

هدف: سرطان پستان یکی از شایع‌ترین سرطان‌های بدخیم در میان زنان جهان است. این سرطان از نظر مولکولی و بالینی ناهمگن است، از این‌رو هنوز چالش‌های درمانی متعددی برای آن وجود دارد. برای هر زیرگونه مولکولی خاص باید راهبرد درمانی مناسب یافت شود. از سوی دیگر، عوارض جانبی داروها و مقاومت دارویی ناشی از آنها، پژوهشگران را به سوی یافتن گزینه‌های درمانی ایمن‌تر و مؤثرتر سوق داده است. یکی از ترکیبات برجسته در این زمینه، ترکیب طبیعی پلی‌فنولی موسوم به اسید روزمارینیک (RA) است. این ترکیب دارای خواص ضدسرطانی قابل‌توجهی است؛ زیرا با سمیت حداقل بر سلول‌های طبیعی، مرگ برنامه‌ریزی‌شده سلول (آپوپتوز) را القا کرده و مسیرهای سیگنال‌دهی سرطان‌زا را تعدیل می‌کند و در عین حال، از تکثیر تومور جلوگیری می‌نماید. بر این اساس، هدف این پژوهش بررسی اثرات اسید روزمارینیک بر زنده‌مانی، تکثیر و مورفولوژی رده‌های سلولی سرطان پستان MCF-7 (زیرگروه لومینال A) و MDA-MB-231 (زیرگروه سه‌گانه منفی) بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمون‌های Alamar Blue و BrdU incorporation در بازه غلظتی ۰ تا ۲۰۰ میکرومولار از RA به‌منظور سنجش زنده‌مانی و تکثیر سلولی به‌کار رفت. ارزیابی تغییرات مورفولوژیک نشانگر سمیت سلولی و آپوپتوز از طریق مشاهده میکروسکوپی انجام شد. برای تعیین حساسیت رده‌های سلولی به RA، مقادیر غلظت بازدارنده نیمه‌حداکثری (IC50) برای هر دو رده اندازه‌گیری شد.
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که سلول‌های MCF-7 حساسیت بیشتری نسبت به RA دارند و کاهش قابل‌توجه‌تری در زنده‌مانی و تکثیر سلولی در غلظت‌های پایین‌تر نسبت به سلول‌های MDA-MB-231 نشان دادند. مشاهدات مورفولوژیک حاکی از بروز ویژگی‌های آپوپتوتیک، از جمله کوچک شدن سلول و برجستگی غشایی (membrane blebbing) در سلول‌های MCF-7 بود. در مقابل، مقاومت نسبی در سلول‌های MDA-MB-231 مشاهده شد؛ به‌طوری‌که مقدار IC50 برای این سلول‌ها ۱۴۰ میکرومولار و برای سلول‌های MCF-7 حدود ۱۲۰ میکرومولار بود. در غلظت‌های میانی (۱۴۰-۱۶۰ میکرومولار)، سلول‌های MDA-MB-231 کشیده و دارای مورفولوژی شبیه سلول‌های عصبی شدند، بدون آنکه مرگ سلولی قابل‌توجهی مشاهده شود. این تفاوت در پاسخ احتمالاً ناشی از فنوتیپ تهاجمی و جمعیت سلول‌های بنیادی سرطانی است که از ویژگی‌های ذاتی سرطان پستان سه‌گانه منفی (TNBC) به شمار می‌رود.
نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که اسید روزمارینیک اثرات سیتوتوکسیک متفاوتی بر زیرگونه‌های سرطان پستان دارد و بر سلول‌های نوع لومینال A مؤثرتر است. بنابراین، می‌توان گفت که RA پتانسیل بالایی برای انجام پژوهش‌های مکانسیتی و پیش‌بالینی بیشتر دارد تا به‌عنوان گزینه‌ای ایمن‌تر و گیاه‌مبنا برای درمان سرطان پستان معرفی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Rosmarinic acid on viability and proliferation of breast cancer cell lines

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rafif Aman Mahammed 1
  • Khudhur Raheem Obayes 2
  • Praseetha Prabhakaran 1
1 Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
2 Microbiology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, 51013, Iraq
چکیده [English]

Objective
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers in women in the world. This cancer has molecular and clinical heterogeneity, so there are still many therapeutic challenges for it. An appropriate strategy must be found for each specific molecular subtype. On the other hand, the side effects of drugs and the resistance they create have caused scientists to seek safer and more effective therapeutic options. One of the leading compounds for this disease is a natural polyphenolic compound called rosmarinic acid (RA). This compound has significant anticancer properties. Because it induces apoptosis and modulates oncogenic signaling pathways with minimal toxicity to normal cells and inhibits tumor proliferation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rosmarinic acid on cell survival, proliferation, and morphology in breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (luminal A subtype) and MDA-MB-231 (triple negative subtype).
Materials and methods
The Alamar Blue and BrdU incorporation assays across a range of RA concentrations (0–200 µM) was used to quantify cell viability and proliferation. The assessment of morphological alterations indicative of cytotoxicity and apoptosis was performed using microscopic examination. To measure the sensitivity of cell lines to RA, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were measured for both cell lines.
Results
MCF-7 cells were shown to be more sensitive to RA. They also showed a greater decrease in cell viability and proliferation at lower concentrations compared to MDA-MB-231 cells. Morphological observations revealed that MCF-7 cells exhibited features of apoptosis, including cell shrinkage and membrane blebbing. However, a relative resistance was observed, with an IC50 value of 140 μM for MDA-MB-231 cells compared to an IC50 value of 120 μM for MCF-7 cells. Elongation and a nerve-like morphology without significant cell death were observed for MDA-MB-231 cells at intermediate concentrations (140–160 μM). This difference in response can probably be imputed to the aggressive phenotype and cancer stem cell population that are characteristic of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
Conclusions
From the results of this study, it can be concluded that RA has different cytotoxic effects on breast cancer subtypes and is more effective against luminal A cells. Therefore, it can be said that RA has a great potential for further mechanistic and preclinical research to develop and introduce safer and plant-derived therapeutic options for the management of breast cancer.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Breast cancer
  • MDA-MB-231
  • MCF-7
  • Phytochemicals
  • Rosmarinic acid
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