رمزگشایی الگوی بیان ژن در تکامل جنینی گاو: بینش هایی در مورد شبکه های تنظیمی کلیدی و پیامدهای آن برای فناوری های تولیدمثل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران.

2 دکتری اصلاح نژاد دام، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت.

چکیده

هدف: الگوهای بیان ژن‌های مرتبط با رشد در طول رشد جنین گاو، فرآیندهای بسیار تنظیم‌شده‌ای هستند که تحت تأثیر عوامل ژنتیکی و محیطی قرار دارند. این مطالعه بینش‌های جدیدی در مورد این الگوها ارائه می‌دهد و بینش پیشرفته‌ای را در مورد رشد جنین و شناسایی کاندیداهای امیدوارکننده برای بهبود فناوری‌های تولید مثل در اصلاح نژاد گاو ارائه می‌دهد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در تحقیق حاضر، داده‌های بیان ژن مربوط به جنین‌های گاوی با شماره دسترسی (GEO: GSE18290) با استفاده از GEO2R تحلیل شدند تا ژن‌هایی با بیان متفاوت (DEGs) را در مراحل کلیدی رشد از اووسیت تا مرحله ۲ سلولی، مرحله ۴ سلولی تا ۱۶ سلولی، و مورولا تا بلاستوسیت شناسایی شوند. سپس، آنالیز غنی‌سازی ژن (GO) و مسیرهای KEGG به منظور شناسایی فرآیندهای زیستی مهم مرتبط با DEGهای شناسایی شده انجام شد. سپس، شبکه برهمکنش پروتئین-پروتئین (PPI) برای بررسی ارتباطات بین ژن‌های هاب، همراه با شناسایی میکروRNAهای (miRNAها) و فاکتورهای رونویسی مربوطه ساخته شد.
نتایج: این تجزیه و تحلیل، بیان متفاوت ۲۲۴۴ ژن (1026 ژن بیان بالا، 1218 بیان پایین) را در طول گذر ازمرحله اووسیت به ۲ سلولی، ۲۳۷۹ ژن (۱۱۴۶ ژن افزایش بیان، ۱۲۳۳ ژن کاهش بیان) را در طول پیشرفت از ۴ سلولی به ۱۶ سلولی و ۱۵۴۴ ژن (۸۲۱ ژن افزایش بیان، ۷۲۳ ژن کاهش بیان) را در طول تغییر از دوره‌های مورولا به بلاستوسیست شناسایی کرد. آنالیزهای GO و KEGG فرآیندهای بیولوژیکی غنی‌شده‌ای مانند کاتابولیسم mRNA، تخریب واسطه کدهای بی‌معنی، فعال‌سازی ماست‌سل‌ها، فسفوریلاسیون پروتئین، سیگنال‌دهی فاکتور رشد عصبی، تنظیم رگ‌زایی، سیگنال‌دهی MAPK و Rap1 و پردازش پروتئین شبکه آندوپلاسمی را برجسته کردند. ژن‌های هاب کلیدی، از جمله HSPA1A ، PPARGC1A، AKT2، EGR1 و HSDL2، به همراه miRNA های (bta-miR-103a-3p و bta-miR-769-5p) و فاکتورهای رونویسی (HSF1، FOXA2، FOXO1 و CREB) مرتبط شناسایی شدند.
. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل مطالع تغییرات بیان ژن در هر مرحله را نشان داد و مسیرهای بیولوژیکی کلیدی و شبکه‌های تنظیمی دخیل در رشد جنین گاو را برجسته کرد. ژن‌های مرکزی، miRNAها و فاکتورهای رونویسی به عنوان نشانگرهای زیستی و اهداف بالقوه شناسایی شدند. این یافته‌ها بینش‌های مولکولی ارزشمندی را ارائه می‌دهند که می‌توانند برای بهبود فناوری‌های تولید مثلی و باروری در پرورش گاو به کار روند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Decoding gene expression dynamics in bovine embryonic development: insights into key regulatory networks and implications for reproductive technologies

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Roudbari 1
  • Fatemeh Mohammadinejad 2
  • Morteza Mokhtari 3
  • Arsalan Barazandeh 1
1 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.
2 PhD of animal breeding, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objective
The expression patterns of development-related genes during bovine embryo development are highly regulated processes influenced by genetic and environmental factors. This study provides novel insights into these patterns, offering an enhanced insight into embryonic development and identifying promising candidates to improve reproductive technologies in bovine breeding.
Materials and methods
We examined gene expression profiles from bovine embryos (GEO accession: GSE18290) using GEO2R to detect genes showing differential expression across critical phases of development: oocyte to 2-cell, 4-cell to 16-cell, and morula to blastocyst. Following this, gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were conducted to reveal key biological processes linked to the discovered DEGs. Moreover, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built to explore connections among central genes, together with identifying relevant microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors.
Results
The analysis identified differential expression of 2,244 genes (1,026 upregulated, 1,218 downregulated) during the transition from oocyte to 2-cell, 2,379 genes (1,146 upregulated, 1,233 downregulated) across the progression from 4-cell to 16-cell, and 1,544 genes (821 upregulated, 723 downregulated) through the shift from morula to blastocyst periods. GO and KEGG analyses highlighted enriched biological processes such as mRNA catabolism, nonsense-mediated decay, mast cell activation, protein phosphorylation, nerve growth factor signaling, regulation of angiogenesis, MAPK and Rap1 signaling pathways, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Key hub genes (HSPA1A, PPARGC1A, AKT2, EGR1, HSDL2) were pinpointed, along with related miRNAs (bta-miR-103a-3p, bta-miR-769-5p) and transcription factors (HSF1, FOXA2, FOXO1, CREB).
Conclusions
Our analysis revealed stage-specific gene expression changes and highlighted key biological pathways and regulatory networks involved in bovine embryonic development. Central hub genes, miRNAs, and transcription factors were identified as potential biomarkers and targets. These findings offer valuable molecular insights that can be applied to improve reproductive technologies and fertility in cattle breeding.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • bovine fetal development
  • gene expression patterns
  • hub genes
  • reproductive biology
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