ارزیابی پیامدهای اقتصادی و حفظ ژنتیکی در تلاقی نژاد گاوهای بومی شیری با نژادهای تجاری تحت مدیریت گله‌های سنتی و ارگانیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تأثیر و پیامدهای پژوهش، دانشگاه چیتکارا، راجپورا، پنجاب، هند.

2 مرکز پژوهش و توسعه چیتکارا، دانشگاه چیتکارا، هیماچال پرادش، هند.

3 استاد، دانشگاه اطلس اسکیل تک، بمبئی، هند.

4 دانشیار، دانشکده زیست‌فناوری، مؤسسه علم و فناوری ساتیاباما، چنای، تامیل نادو، هند.

5 استاد، گروه ژنتیک و اصلاح نژاد دام، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه "شیکشا اُ آنوساندان"، بوبانسوار، اودیسا، هند.

6 استادیار، گروه مهندسی مکانیک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری، دانشگاه جِین، منطقه رماناگارا، کارناتاکا، هند.

7 استادیار، گروه علوم، دانشگاه فناوری اطلاعات مهاریشی، لاکنو، اوتار پرادش، هند.

چکیده

هدف: این پژوهش شواهد پراکنده در مورد کارایی اقتصادی تلاقی نژادی گاوهای شیری (CCB) را در مناطق مختلف گردآوری کرده و بر سودآوری و همچنین حفظ ژنتیکی در سامانه‌های شیری سنتی و ارگانیک تمرکز دارد. این مطالعه به ارزیابی پیامدهای اقتصادی و ژنتیکی تلاقی نژادهای بومی با نژادهای تجاری پُربازده در چارچوب‌های متفاوت مدیریت گله می‌پردازد.
مواد و روش‌ها: از مدل شبیه‌سازی تصادفی SimHerd برای بازآفرینی ساختار گله‌ها و ارزیابی راهبردهای اصلاح نژاد استفاده شد. سه سناریو گاوهای خالص‌ اصیل (PB-PC)، گاوهای خالص قرمز (PB-RC)، و گله ترکیبی شامل 70 درصد PB-PC و 30 درصد گاو دورگه نسل اول (F1 CB) بررسی شد. راهبردهای تلاقی نهایی (T-CB) شامل آمیزش نژادهای بومی کم‌بازده با نژادهای خارجی پُربازده بودند. مدل از ابزارهای ژنتیکی مانند اسپرم تعیین جنسیت‌شده و شاخص‌های ارزیابی ژنتیکی برای برآورد کارایی مالی و پتانسیل بهبود ژنتیکی بهره گرفت.
نتایج: شبیه‌سازی‌ها نشان دادند که گله‌های PB-RC بیشترین بازده مالی را داشتند و حاشیه مشارکت آن‌ها ۱۲۱۸ یورو بیش از گله‌های PB-PC بود. گله ترکیبی PB-PC و F1 CB نیز عملکرد بهتری از گله‌های PB-PC خالص داشت و ۱۸۱ یورو حاشیه سود بالاتری ایجاد کرد. تلاقی نهایی همراه با ابزارهای ژنتیکی مدرن، کارایی اقتصادی دامداران کوچک‌مقیاس را افزایش داد؛ درحالی‌که گاوهای دورگه نسل اول سهم مطلوبی از ژن خارجی (۵۲ تا 5/64) را حفظ کردند. این نتایج نشان‌دهنده تناسب گاوهای دورگه برای سامانه‌های تولید سنتی و ارگانیک کم‌نهاده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: راهبردهای تلاقی نژادی، هنگامی‌که با فناوری‌های نوین ژنتیکی همراه شوند، می‌توانند سود اقتصادی معناداری فراهم آورند و در عین حال از تنوع ژنتیکی پشتیبانی کنند. هرچند گله‌های PB-RC همچنان سودآورترین بودند، اما گله‌های ترکیبی و دورگه پایداری بیشتر در تولید و سودآوری، به‌ویژه برای دامداران خُرد نشان دادند. اجرای برنامه‌های ساختارمند CCB با پشتیبانی زیرساخت اصلاح نژاد و خدمات ترویجی، می‌تواند پایداری و تاب‌آوری اقتصادی را در بخش‌های در حال رشد لبنی ارتقا دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the economic and genetic preservation outcomes of crossbreeding indigenous dairy cattle with commercial breeds under traditional and organic herd management

نویسندگان [English]

  • Manisha Chandna 1
  • Abhishek Singla 2
  • M Thiru Chitrambalam 3
  • M Bavanilatha 4
  • Gangadhar Nayak 5
  • Arunkumar Devalapura Thimmappa 6
  • Ramakant Ramakant 7
1 Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura- 140417, Punjab, India.
2 Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh-174103 India.
3 Professor, Isme, Atlas Skill Tech University, Mumbai, India.
4 Associate professor, Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
5 Professor, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
6 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Ramanagara District, Karnataka - 562112, India.
7 Assistant Professor, Department of Science, Maharishi University of Information Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
چکیده [English]

Objective
This investigation consolidates fragmented evidence on the economic efficiency of cow crossbreeding (CCB) across regions, emphasizing both profitability and genetic preservation in traditional and organic dairy systems. It evaluates the economic and genetic outcomes of crossbreeding indigenous cattle with high-yielding commercial breeds under different herd management scenarios.
Materials and methods
The SimHerd stochastic simulation model was applied to replicate herd structures and evaluate breeding strategies. Three scenarios were evaluated: (1) Purebred Polled Cattle (PB-PC), (2) Purebred Red Cattle (PB-RC), and (3) a mixed herd comprising 70% PB-PC and 30% F1 Crossbred (CB) animals. Terminal crossbreeding (T-CB) strategies combined indigenous low-yielding breeds with exotic high-yielding cattle. The model incorporated genetic tools like sexed semen and genetic evaluation indices to estimate financial efficiency and genetic improvement potential.
Results
Simulations illustrated that PB-RC herds achieved the highest financial returns, exceeding PB-PC herds by €1,218 in contribution margin. The mixed PB-PC and F1 CB herd also outperformed pure PB-PC herds, generating a €181 higher margin. Terminal crossbreeding integrated with modern genetic tools improved economic efficiency for small-scale dairy farmers, with F1 crosses maintaining a favorable foreign genetic contribution (52-64.5%). These outcomes highlight the suitability of crossbreds for low-input traditional and organic production systems.
Conclusions
Crossbreeding strategies, when complemented with progressive genetic technologies, can deliver meaningful economic gains while supporting genetic diversity. Although PB-RC herds stayed the most profitable, mixed and crossbred herds supplied more stable productivity and profitability, exclusively for smallholder producers. The implementation of structured CCB programs, reinforced by breeding infrastructure and extension support, can enhance sustainability and economic resilience in expanding dairy sectors.
Crossbreeding strategies, when complemented with progressive genetic technologies, can deliver meaningful economic gains while supporting genetic diversity. Although PB-RC herds stayed the most profitable, mixed and crossbred herds supplied more stable productivity and profitability, exclusively for smallholder producers. The implementation of structured CCB programs, reinforced by breeding infrastructure and extension support, can enhance sustainability and economic resilience in expanding dairy sectors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • crossbreeding
  • F1 crossbred
  • polled cattle
  • purebred
  • red cattle

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مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی
دوره 17، شماره 4
آبان 1404
صفحه 265-284

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