اثر سمی استات سرب بر کبد موش‌های صحرایی نر آلبینو و ارزیابی نقش حفاظتی عصاره گیاه خرفه (Portulaca oleracea) : مطالعه‌ای با رویکرد بافت‌شناسی و بیوشیمیایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی برای علوم محض، دانشگاه الانبار، رمادی، الانبار 31001، عراق

2 گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده آموزش زنان، دانشگاه تکریت، عراق.

3 اداره آموزش الانبار، رمادی، عراق.

چکیده

هدف: سرب یکی از آلاینده‌های عمده محیط‌زیست است که از طریق تولید گونه‌های فعال اکسیژن و تضعیف سامانه‌های دفاعی آنتی‌اکسیدانی، موجب سمیت کبدی و استرس اکسیداتیو می‌شود. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی اثرات آنتی‌اکسیدانی و محافظت‌کننده کبدی عصاره آبی گیاه خرفه (Portulaca oleracea) بر بافت کبد موش‌های صحرایی نر آلبینو در معرض استات سرب بود؛ این ارزیابی با بررسی شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی و تغییرات بافت‌شناسی انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: بیست‌وهشت موش نر آلبینو به‌صورت تصادفی به چهار گروه (هر گروه 7 موش) تقسیم شدند. گروه اول به‌عنوان شاهد، رژیم غذایی استاندارد و آب سالم دریافت کرد. گروه دوم هر 72 ساعت، استات سرب با دوز 25 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم به‌صورت درون‌صفاقی دریافت نمود. گروه‌های سوم و چهارم به‌ترتیب دوزهای 200 و 400 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم عصاره خرفه را به‌صورت خوراکی و به‌مدت هشت هفته دریافت کردند. شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی سرم شامل AST، ALT، MDA، GSH، SOD و CAT با روش‌های استاندارد اسپکتروفوتومتری اندازه‌گیری شدند. نمونه‌های بافت کبد نیز با رنگ‌آمیزی هماتوکسیلین و ائوزین برای ارزیابی ساختار سلول‌های کبدی، نفوذ سلول‌های التهابی و تغییرات عروقی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند.
نتایج: تجویز عصاره خرفه در گروه‌های سوم و چهارم باعث بهبود معنی‌دار تغییرات ایجادشده در فعالیت آنزیم‌های کبدی (AST و ALT)، پراکسیداسیون چربی‌ها (MDA) و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی (GSH، SOD و CAT) در اثر مواجهه با استات سرب در گروه دوم گردید. این شاخص‌ها به‌صورت وابسته به دوز به حالت طبیعی بازگشتند، به‌طوری‌که دوز بالاتر اثر بهبودی بیشتری نشان داد. بررسی‌های بافت‌شناسی نیز اثر محافظتی خرفه را تأیید کرد و بهبود ساختار بافت کبد، کاهش نفوذ سلول‌های التهابی و کاهش هیپرتروفی و دژنراسیون سلول‌های کبدی را در مقایسه با گروه تیمار‌شده با سرب نشان داد. این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که خرفه از طریق تقویت دفاع آنتی‌اکسیدانی درون‌زا و تثبیت غشای سلول‌های کبدی، اثر محافظتی خود را اعمال می‌کند.
نتیجه‌گیری: عصاره آبی گیاه خرفه دارای فعالیت‌های قوی محافظت‌کننده کبد و آنتی‌اکسیدانی در برابر آسیب کبدی القاشده توسط استات سرب است. این نتایج، پتانسیل این گیاه را به‌عنوان یک عامل طبیعی، ایمن، کم‌هزینه و مؤثر در پیشگیری از آسیب‌های کبدی ناشی از فلزات سنگین برجسته می‌سازد و از انجام تحقیقات تجربی و بالینی بیشتر درباره کاربرد درمانی آن حمایت می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Toxic effect of lead acetate on the liver of male albino rats and evaluation of the protective role of Portulaca oleracea extract: A histological and biochemical study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hussein Riyadh Abdul Kareem Al-Hetty 1
  • Hala Hameed Majeed 2
  • Athraa A. Hassan, 3
  • Loay H. Ali 1
1 Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Anbar 31001, Iraq.
2 Department of Biology, Al- College of Education for Women, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq.
3 Anbar Education Directorate, Ramadi, Iraq.
چکیده [English]

Objective
Lead is a major environmental pollutant that induces hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species and impairment of antioxidant defense mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of aqueous Portulaca oleracea extract on the liver tissue of male albino rats exposed to lead acetate, by evaluating both biochemical parameters and histological alterations.
Materials and Methods
Twenty-eight male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 7 per group). Group I served as the control and received a standard diet and clean water. Group II was administered lead acetate (25 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) every 72 hours. Groups III and IV received P. oleracea extract orally at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively, for eight weeks. Serum biochemical parameters containing AST, ALT, MDA, GSH, SOD, and CAT were measured applying standard spectrophotometric techniques. Liver tissues were examined histologically applying hematoxylin and eosin staining to evaluate hepatocellular structure, inflammatory infiltration, and vascular alters.


Results
Administration of P. oleracea extract in Groups III and IV meaningfully ameliorated the alterations in liver enzyme activities (AST and ALT), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and antioxidant enzyme activities (GSH, SOD, and CAT) that were induced by lead acetate exposure in Group II. These parameters were restored in a dose-dependent manner, with the higher dose showing more pronounced improvement. Histological analysis affirmed the hepatoprotective effect of P. oleracea, showing improved hepatic architecture, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and less hepatocyte hypertrophy and degeneration compared with the lead-treated group. These results propose that P. oleracea confers protection through enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defenses and stabilization of hepatocyte membranes.
Conclusion
The aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea demonstrates potent hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities against lead acetate–induced hepatic damage. These results highlight its potential as a safe, cost-effective, and natural hepatoprotective agent for mitigating heavy metal–induced liver injury, supporting further experimental and clinical investigations into its therapeutic applications.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidants
  • hepatocyte
  • hepatoprotection
  • histology
  • Portulaca oleracea

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مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی
دوره 17، شماره 4
آبان 1404
صفحه 325-346

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