بررسی بیان ژن اینترلوکین 6 در بافت‌های کبد و طحال جوجه‌های گوشتی تغذیه شده با میلورم، پروبیوتیک‌ها و میلورم به همراه پروبیوتیک‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد بخش علوم دامی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

2 دانشیار بخش علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، ایران

3 دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران

4 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

5 گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه ملی کشاورزی بیلا تسرکوا، بیلا تسرکوا، اوکراین.

6 بخش زیست‌شناسی تولیدات دامی، به نام استاد دانشگاه او. وی. کواسنیتسکی، دانشگاه کشاورزی ایالتی پولتاوا، پولتاوا، اوکراین

7 بخش علوم جراحی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه ویسکانسین-مدیسون، مدیسون، ویسکانسین، ایالات متحده آمریکا.

چکیده

هدف: با توجه به افزایش نگرانی‌ها در خصوص استفاده از آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها در صنعت طیور و جستجوی جایگزین‌های طبیعی برای بهبود عملکرد و سلامت جوجه‌های گوشتی و این که ژن اینترلوکین-6 (IL-6) به عنوان یکی از شاخص‌های کلیدی در پاسخ‌های ایمنی و التهابی پرندگان مورد توجه قرار گرفته است، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات تغذیه‌ای میلورم (Tenebrio molitor) و پروبیوتیک، به‌صورت جداگانه و ترکیبی، بر بیان ژن IL-6 در بافت‌های کبد و طحال جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه، ۱۶۰ قطعه جوجه نر یک‌روزه سویه Ross 308 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تیمار و چهار تکرار (هر تکرار شامل ۱۰ پرنده) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل گروه کنترل (جیره پایه)، گروه پروبیوتیک (2/0 گرم در کیلوگرم خوراک)، گروه پودر کرم آردی (5/0 درصد از خوراک) و گروه ترکیب پروبیوتیک و کرم آردی بودند. دوره پرورش ۴۲ روز به طول انجامید. در پایان دوره، نمونه‌های بافتی از کبد و طحال برای استخراج RNA و سنتز cDNA گرفته شدند. بیان ژن IL-6 با روش Real-Time PCR و با استفاده از ژن مرجع GAPDH سنجش شد. داده‌ها با روش آماری ANOVA و آزمون چنددامنه‌ای توکی تحلیل شدند (P<0.05).
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که افزودن پروبیوتیک، پودر کرم آردی و ترکیب آن‌ها منجر به افزایش معنی‌دار بیان ژن IL-6 در بافت‌های کبد و طحال در مقایسه با گروه کنترل گردید (P<0.05). بیشترین میزان افزایش بیان مربوط به تیمار ترکیبی پروبیوتیک و کرم آردی بود که تفاوت آن با سایر تیمارها معنی‌دار بود. منحنی‌های ذوب تک‌پیک و اندازه صحیح محصولات PCR اختصاصیت واکنش را تأیید نمودند. افزایش بیان IL-6 در هر دو بافت نشان‌دهنده تحریک مسیرهای ایمنی ذاتی و فاز حاد التهابی در سطح سیستمیک بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌ها بیانگر آن است که استفاده توأمان از پروبیوتیک و پودر کرم آردی می‌تواند اثر هم‌افزایی بر فعال‌سازی ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی از طریق افزایش بیان ژن IL-6 داشته باشد. این نتایج نشان می‌دهد که ترکیب این دو افزودنی طبیعی می‌تواند به‌عنوان رویکردی مؤثر و ایمن برای ارتقای سلامت ایمنی و پایداری سیستم پرورش طیور مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of interleukin-6 gene expression in liver and spleen tissues of broiler chickens fed mealworm, probiotics, and mealworm with probiotics

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammadreza Mohammadabadi 1
  • Amin Khezri 2
  • Mohsen Afsharmanesh 2
  • Hamid Kheyrodin 3
  • Mohammad Reza Bahreini Behzadi 4
  • Olena Babenko 5
  • Svitlana Usenko 6
  • Mehdi Momen 7
1 Professor of Animal Science Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
2 Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
3 Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
4 Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
5 Department of Animal Science, Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Bila Tserkva, Ukraine.
6 Department of Animal Productivity Biology, Named after academician O.V. Kvasnytskyi, Poltava State Agrarian University, Poltava, Ukraine.
7 Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
چکیده [English]

Objective
Given the growing concerns about the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry and the search for natural alternatives to improve the performance and health of broiler chickens, and the fact that the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene is a key indicator in the immune and inflammatory responses of birds, the present study was conducted to investigate the nutritional effects of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) and probiotics, individually and in combination, on IL-6 gene expression in liver and spleen tissues of broiler chickens.
Materials and Methods
In this study, 160 one-day-old male chicks of the Ross 308 strain were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicates (each replication included 10 birds). The experimental treatments included the control group (basal diet), probiotic group (0.2 g/kg feed), mealworm powder group (0.5% of feed), and probiotic and mealworm combination group. The rearing period lasted 42 days. At the end of the period, tissue samples were taken from the liver and spleen for RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. IL-6 gene expression was measured by Real-Time PCR using the GAPDH reference gene. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test (P<0.05).
Results
The results showed that the addition of probiotics, mealworm powder, and their combination led to a significant increase in IL-6 gene expression in liver and spleen tissues compared with the control group (P<0.05). The highest increase in expression was related to the combined probiotic and mealworm treatment, which was significantly different from other treatments. Single-peak melting curves and the correct size of PCR products confirmed the specificity of the reaction. Increased IL-6 expression in both tissues indicated stimulation of innate immune and acute phase inflammatory pathways at the systemic level.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that the combined use of probiotics and mealworm powder can have a synergistic effect on the immune activation of broiler chickens by increasing IL-6 gene expression. These results indicate that the combination of these two natural additives can be used as an effective and safe approach to promote immune health and sustainability of the poultry farming system.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • immunity
  • probiotics
  • broiler chickens
  • mealworm
  • qRT-PCR

مراجع

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مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی
دوره 17، شماره 4
آبان 1404
صفحه 469-486

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