تغییرات الگوی پروتئوم برگ دو ژنوتیپ متحمل و حساس چغندر قند (Beta vulgaris spp. vulgaris) تحت تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه به نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 گروه به نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز،تبریز، ایران.

3 گروه به‌نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

هدف: چغندرقند به دلیل ذخیره قند در ریشه یکی از مهمترین گیاهان زراعی به حساب می‌آید. تنش کم‌آبی یکی از تنش‌های غیرزنده می‌‌باشد که باعث تغییرات مورفولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و مولکولی در گیاه شده و نتیجه این تغییرات کاهش عملکرد محصول است. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی پروتئین‌های درگیر در تحمل به تنش کم آبی به روش الکتروفورز دو بعدی و طیف سنجی جرمی است.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش الگوی پروتئوم برگ دو ژنوتیپ متحمل (8001-S1-10) و حساس (8001-S1-6) چغندرقند تحت تنش کم‌آبی (روش تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مقایسه دو ژنوتیپ متحمل و حساس بین دو سطح تنش کم‌آبی و نرمال انجام شده است. استخراج پروتئین از بافت برگ، جداسازی پروتئین‌ها به روش الکتروفورز دو بعدی و سپس کمی سازی لکه‌های پروتئینی از طریق نرم افزار PDQuest برای شناسایی لکه‌های پروتئین تکرارپذیر و دارای تغییرات بیان معنی‌دار در شرایط عادی و تنش کم‌آبی انجام شد. سپس از روش طیف سنجی جرمی و ابزارهای بیوانفورماتیک برای شناسایی این پروتئین‌ها استفاده شد.
نتایج: تعداد 85 لکه پروتئینی تکرارپذیر در ژنوتیپ متحمل شناسایی شد. بر اساس آزمون t تعداد هفت لکه پروتئینی با افزایش بیان و دو لکه با کاهش بیان معنی‌دار همراه بودند. در ژنوتیپ حساس تعداد 57 لکه پروتئینی تکرارپذیر شناسایی شد که چهار لکه پروتئینی بر اساس آزمون t دارای تغییر بیان معنی‌دار آماری بودند. هر چهار لکه پروتئینی دارای کاهش بیان معنی‌دار در سطح تنش کم‌آبی بودند پروتئین‌های شناسایی شده از نظر عملکرد بیولوژیکی در پنج گروه قرار گرفتند که شامل پروتئین‌های فتوسنتزی، پروتئین‌های درگیر در انرژی و متابولیسم، پروتئین‌های تخریبی، پروتئین‌های درگیر در تنش و دفاع و پروتئین‌های سم‌زدا یا مهار کننده ROS هستند. پروتئین‌های فتوسنتزی آنزیم روبیسکو اکتیواز و فسفوریبولوکیناز با افزایش بیان و پروتئین 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate synthase و کربنیک انیدراز با کاهش بیان در ژنوتیپ متحمل در اثر تنش کم‌آبی همراه بودند. پروتئین‌های oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1 و oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2 در ژنوتیپ حساس در اثر تنش کم‌آبی کاهش بیان نشان دادند. آنزیم‌های هگزوکیناز و گلوتامین سنتتاز 2 با افزایش بیان در ژنوتیپ محتمل و پروتئین‌های مالات دهیدروژناز و کولین مونوکسیناژ در ژنوتیپ حساس تحت تنش کم‌آبی با کاهش بیان معنی‌دار همراه بودند. آنزیم کاتالاز 2 و پروتئین شوک حرارتی 70 در اثر تنش کم‌آبی دارای افزایش بیان بودند. پروتئین مونودهیدروآسکوربات ردوکتاز 5 در اثر تنش کم‌آبی درژنوتیپ متحمل افزایش بیان همراه بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاصل به‌خوبی بیانگر این نکته است که تحمل به خشکی در چغندرقند نه‌تنها وابسته به افزایش بیان برخی پروتئین‌ها، بلکه مبتنی بر تنظیم دقیق شبکه‌ای از مسیرهای زیستی است که از طریق تنظیم تعادل بین تولید و مصرف انرژی، محافظت در برابر آسیب‌های اکسیداتیو و حفظ کارایی فتوسنتزی، امکان بقاء و عملکرد پایدار در شرایط نامطلوب را فراهم می‌کنند. بنابراین، شناسایی این پروتئین‌ها به‌عنوان نشانگرهای زیستی می‌تواند ابزار قدرتمندی برای غربالگری ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل و نیز هدفی برای برنامه‌های مهندسی ژنتیک و اصلاح گیاهان مقاوم به خشکی در چغندرقند و سایر محصولات زراعی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Proteome pattern changes in the leaf of two tolerant and sensitive sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris Spp. Vulgaris) genotypes under water deficit stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Milad Ghasemi 1
  • Mahmoud Toorchi 2
  • Saeid Aharizad 3
1 Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz,, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz , Tabriz,, Iran.
3 Professor, Dept. of Plant Breeding & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), due to its capacity to accumulate sucrose in the storage root, represents one of the most important agronomic crops worldwide. Drought stress, as a major abiotic constraint, triggers a cascade of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular alterations in plants, ultimately leading to a reduction in yield performance. The objective of the present study was to identify drought-responsive proteins associated with tolerance mechanisms using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic analysis.
Materials and methods
In this study, the leaf proteome profiles of two contrasting sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) genotypes, drought-tolerant (8001-S1-10) and drought-sensitive (8001-S1-6), were investigated under water-deficit stress imposed by the Class A pan evaporation method. A comparative analysis between the drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive genotypes was performed under normal irrigation and water-deficit stress conditions. Total protein was extracted from leaf tissues, separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), and protein spots were quantitatively analyzed using PDQuest software to detect reproducible spots exhibiting significant differential expression under control and drought-stress conditions. Subsequently, mass spectrometry (MS)-based protein identification combined with bioinformatics tools was employed to characterize the drought-responsive proteins.
Results
A total of 85 reproducible protein spots were detected in the drought-tolerant genotype. Based on Student’s t-test, seven protein spots exhibited significant up-regulation, whereas two spots showed significant down-regulation under drought stress. In the drought-sensitive genotype, 57 reproducible protein spots were identified, among which four spots displayed statistically significant differential expression; all of them were significantly down-regulated under water-deficit conditions. The identified proteins were functionally categorized into five major groups: photosynthesis-related proteins, proteins involved in energy and primary metabolism, catabolic proteins, stress- and defense-related proteins, and ROS-detoxifying or scavenging proteins. Within the photosynthetic group, Rubisco activase and phosphoribulokinase were up-regulated, whereas 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate synthase and carbonic anhydrase were down-regulated in the tolerant genotype under drought stress. Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1 and oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2 exhibited marked down-regulation in the sensitive genotype. Moreover, hexokinase and glutamine synthetase 2 were up-regulated in the tolerant genotype, whereas malate dehydrogenase and choline monooxygenase were significantly down-regulated in the sensitive genotype under drought conditions. Antioxidant and stress-related proteins such as catalase 2 and heat shock protein 70 were found to be up-regulated under drought stress, while monodehydroascorbate reductase 5 displayed increased abundance specifically in the tolerant genotype.
Conclusions
The results clearly demonstrate that drought tolerance in sugar beet isn't solely dependent on the upregulation of specific proteins, but rather hinges on the precise regulation of a network of biological pathways. This network facilitates survival and stable performance under adverse conditions by maintaining a balance between energy production and consumption, protecting against oxidative damage, and preserving photosynthetic efficiency. Consequently, identifying these proteins as biomarkers could serve as a powerful tool for screening drought-tolerant genotypes and as a target for genetic engineering and breeding programs aimed at developing drought-resistant sugar beet and other crops.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • leaf tissue
  • mass spectrometry
  • protein
  • two-dimensional electrophoresis

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مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی
دوره 18، شماره 1
فروردین 1405
صفحه 1-26

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