مقایسه اثر پروبیوتیک، پاراپروبیوتیک‌ و پست‌بیوتیک‌ باکتری Lactobacillus casei برای تقویت عملکرد ایمنی در ماهی کپور معمولی (Cyprinus carpio)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زیست فناوری، دانشکده زیست فناوری، دانشگاه تخصصی فناوری های نوین آمل، مازندران، ایران

2 استادیار علوم آزمایشگاهی، دانشکده علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ساری، ساری، ایران

چکیده

هدف: کپور معمولی (Cyprinus carpio) مهمترین ماهی آب شیرین با پراکنش جهانی است که به دلیل سازگاری و پتانسیل آن در آبزی پروری تجاری ارزش دارد. با این حال، حساسیت آن به بیماری‌ها مستلزم استراتژی‌های مدیریت پایدار بیماری است. این مطالعه به مقایسه پتانسیل استفاده از مکمل‌های پروبیوتیک، پاراپروبیوتیک، و پست بیوتیک مشتق شده از CC16 Lactobacillus casei به مدت 56 روز برای افزایش پاسخ ایمنی و ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی کپور معمولی و بهبود مقاومت آنها در برابر عفونت Aeromonas hydrophila می‌پردازد.
مواد و روش‌ها: چهار رژیم غذایی آزمایشی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت: یک رژیم غذایی پایه بدون باکتری به عنوان شاهد، یک رژیم غذایی پایه با کشت 24 ساعته L. casei (پروبیوتیک)، یک رژیم غذایی پایه با کشت 24 ساعته و سپس کشته شده L. casei (پاراپروبیوتیک) و یک رژیم غذایی پایه با مایع رویی بدون سلول (پست بیوتیک) از یک کشت زنده 24 ساعته L. casei . ماهی‌ها در آکواریوم های 80 لیتری به مدت 56 روز با جیره‌های آزمایشی تهیه شده تغذیه شدند. پس از آزمایش تغذیه، ماهی ها بیهوش و از ورید دمی خون و در نهایت سرم تهیه شد. پس از تشریح ، بافت روده نمونه برداری شد. پس از نمونه برداری، سنجش فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی، پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی، سیستم کمپلمان در سرم (ACH50)، غلظت کل ایمنوگلوبولین(IgM)، فعالیت لیزوزیم سرم، فعالیت میلوپراکسیداز(MPO)، بیان ژن‌های ایمنی ( (IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6و آزمون چالش باکتریایی انجام شد.
نتایج: نشان داد که تیمار پاراپروبیوتیک نسبت به سایر گروه‌های آزمایشی، به طور قابل‌توجهی دفاع آنتی‌اکسیدانی و پاسخ ایمنی را افزایش داد، که با افزایش سطح آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانی (سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، کاتالاز و گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز) و ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی کل و کاهش پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی همراه بود (P<0.05). همچنین افزایش ایمونوگلوبولین M، لیزوزیم و فعالیت‌های میلوپراکسیداز، و افزایش بیان سیتوکین‌های پیش‌التهابی (IL-1β، TNFα و IL-6) در گروه پاراپروبیوتیک و پست بیوتیک نسبت به گروه‌های دیگر کاملا مشهود بود.گروه‌های پاراپروبیوتیک و پست بیوتیک نرخ بقای بالاتری را در آزمون چالش باکتریایی نشان دادند.
نتیجه گیری: این مطالعه نتیجه‌گیری می‌کند که پاراپروبیوتیک‌ها و پست‌بیوتیک‌ها در تقویت سیستم ایمنی ماهی کپور معمولی مؤثر هستند و به دلیل ساختار شیمیایی تعریف‌شده، خواص ویژه تقویت‌کننده سیستم ایمنی و ماندگاری طولانی‌تر، نسبت به پروبیوتیک‌های زنده مزیت‌هایی دارند و و یک راه امیدوارکننده برای پیشگیری از بیماری در پرورش ماهی کپور فراهم کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Probiotic, Paraprobiotic, and Postbiotic Effects of Lactobacillus casei Bacteria on Immune Function in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rashid Alijani Ardeshir 1
  • Mina Orang 2
1 Department of biotechnology, Faculty of biotechnology, Amol University of special modern technologies
2 Assistant Professor of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objective
The common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the most important freshwater fish with a global distribution, is known for its adaptability and potential in aquaculture. However, the risk of disease in this fish is high and protective strategies are essential.
This study aimed to compare the effects of probiotic, paraprobiotic, and postbiotic supplements obtained from Lactobacillus casei CC16 to enhance the immune response and antioxidant capacity of common carp and improve their resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection after 56 days.
Materials and methods
This study used four experimental diets: a basal diet without bacteria as a control, a basal diet with a 24-h culture of L. casei (probiotic), a basal diet with a 24-h culture and then killed L. casei bacteria (paraprobiotic) and a basal diet with cell-free supernatant (postbiotic) from a 24-h culture of L. casei. Fish were fed these diets in aquariums(80 liter) for 56 days. After the feeding experiment, the fish were anesthetized, blood was obtained from the caudal vein, and serum prepared. After dissection, intestinal tissue was sampled. After sampling, antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation, complement system in serum (ACH50), total immunoglobulin concentration (IgM), serum lysozyme activity, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), immune gene expression (pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6) and bacterial challenge test were measured.
Results
The results showed that paraprobiotic treatment significantly increased antioxidant defense and immune responses compared to other groups. Moreover, it was associated with increased levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), total antioxidant capacity, and decreased lipid peroxidation (P<0.05). Additionally, increased immunoglobulin M, lysozyme, and myeloperoxidase activities, and increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6) were observed (P<0.05) in the paraprobiotic and postbiotic groups compared to other groups. The paraprobiotic and postbiotic groups showed higher survival rates in the bacterial challenge test.
Conclusions
Generally, this study showed that paraprobiotics and postbiotics are effective in enhancing the immune system of common carp and, due to their defined chemical structure, specific immune-enhancing properties, and longer shelf life, have advantages over live probiotics, and provide a promising avenue for disease prevention in carp farming.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • dietary supplement
  • immune enhancement
  • paraprobiotic
  • postbiotic
  • probiotic

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مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی
دوره 18، شماره 1
فروردین 1405
صفحه 97-118

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