ردیابی و شناسایی مولکولی ویروس چروکیدگی قهوه‌ای میوه گوجه‌فرنگی آلوده‌کننده گوجه‌فرنگی و فلفل گلخانه‌ای در استان یزد، ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد بیماری شناسی گیاهی، بخش گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

2 استاد، بخش گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

3 دانش آموخته دکتری بیماری شناسی گیاهی، بخش گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

4 استادیار بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران.

5 دانشیار، بخش گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: ویروس پژمردگی قهوه‌ای گوجه‌فرنگی (ToBRFV, Tobamovirus fructirugosum) از پاتوژن‌های مهمی است که گیاهان گوجه‌فرنگی و فلفل را تحت تأثیر قرار داده و آلوده می‌نماید. اهداف این مطالعه شامل تعیین خصوصیات مولکولی ToBRFV، میزان پراکنش، بررسی علائم گیاهان آلوده و همچنین بررسی مسیرهای احتمالی ورود این ویروس به گلخانه‌های استان یزد در ایران می‌باشد.
مواد و روش‌ها: طی سال‌های 140۳- 1402 در مجموع ۱۳۶ نمونه گیاهی دارای علائم ویروسی و شبه‌ویروسی روی برگ‌ها و میوه‌ها، به‌همراه ۱۳ نمونه بدون علائم از نشاء‌های یک‌ماهه گیاهان گوجه‌فرنگی و فلفل گلخانه‌ای در مناطق مختلف استان یزد جمع‌آوری شدند.آر‌ان‌ای کل از برگ‌ها و میوه‌های نمونه‌برداری شده با استفاده از کیت تجاری استخراج و سپس با استفاده از آزمون RT-PCR آلودگی آن‌ها نسبت‌به ToBRFV مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سپس ۱۴ جدایه ویروسی بر پایه رقم گیاهی، منطقه جغرافیایی و منبع جداسازی جهت مطالعات مولکولی انتخاب و ترادف ژن CP آن‌ها در بانک ژن ثبت گردیدند. سپس این توالی‌ها به‌همراه ۶۷ جدایه ToBRFV، انتخاب شده از بانک ژن، جهت مطالعات تبارزائی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.
نتایج: واکنش‌ RT-PCR با استفاده از پرایمرهای اختصاصی، از میان ۱۳۶ نمونه دارای علائم، در ۹۸ نمونه منجر به تشکیل باند ۸۰۰ جفت‌بازی مربوط به ژن CP-ToBRFV گردید. نتایج بیانگر میزان بالای آلودگی (65/77 درصد) گیاهان گوجه‌فرنگی و فلفل‌های کشت‌شده در گلخانه‌های استان یزد به ToBRFV می‌باشد. بر مبنای درخت تبارزائی رسم شده بر اساس ژن CP مربوط به 67 جدایه ToBRFV انتخاب شده از بانک ژن به‌همراه ۱۴ جدایه حاصل از این مطالعه، جدایه‌ها در سه شاخه (I، II و III) با اعتبار سنجی پایین گروه‌بندی گردیدند. از میان ۱۴ جدایه مذکور، چهار جدایه در گروه II قرار گرفتند و سایر جدایه‌ها در هیچ‌یک از گروه‌های مشخص‌شده گروهبندی نگردیدند. علاوه بر این، نتایج حاصل نشان دهنده تشابه ترادف نوکلئوتیدی بالای (حدود ۹۸٪) جدایه‌های معرفی شده در این تحقیق با سایر جدایه‌های گزارش‌شده می‌باشد، که بیانگر تنوع ژنتیکی پائین (0.005) در میان جدایه‌های ToBRFV است.
نتیجه‌گیری: ToBRFV معمولاً از طریق نشاءهای آلودهِ بدون علامت وارد گلخانه‌ها می‌شود و با رشد گیاه علائم ظاهر می‌گردند. ویروس پس از ورود به گلخانه، از طریق انتقال مکانیکی، فعالیت‌های باغبانی مانند هرس توسط کارگران گسترش می‌یابد. اینکه ToBRFV در برخی نمونه‌های دارای علائم شناسایی نشد، نشان می‌دهد که ویروس‌ها یا عوامل بیماریزای دیگری نیز ممکن است در ایجاد علائم نقش داشته باشند. همچنین، ممکن است ویروس‌های دیگری همراه با ToBRFV در نمونه‌های مثبت وجود داشته باشند که این موضوع نیازمند بررسی بیشتر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Molecular detection and identification of the tomato brown rugose fruit virus infecting greenhouse-grown tomatoes and peppers in Yazd Province, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Farajeyani 1
  • Hossein Massumi 2
  • Mohammad Maddahian 3
  • Seyyed Alireza Esmaeilzadeh-Hosseini 4
  • Akbar Hosseinipour 5
1 Former MSc Student, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
2 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
3 Ph.D. in Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
4 Plant Protection Research Department, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, AREEO, Yazd, Iran.
5 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Objective
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV, Tobamovirus fructirugosum, family Virgaviridae) is an important pathogen affecting tomatoes and peppers. The objectives of this study are to characterize the ToBRFV infecting these crops, determine its incidence, and study the symptomatology of affected plants, as well as possible ways that the virus may get into the greenhouses in Yazd Province of Iran.
Materials and methods
A total of 136 plant samples exhibiting viral and virus-like symptoms on leaves and fruits, as well as 13 asymptomatic samples from seedlings at one month of age, were collected from greenhouse-grown tomatoes and peppers in different regions in Yazd Province during 2023 and 2024. Total RNA was extracted from leaves and fruits using a commercial kit (Pars Tous, Iran) and subsequently subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Accordingly, 14 ToBRFV isolates, chosen based on plant cultivar, geographical area, and isolation source were used for molecular studies, and their coat protein (CP) gene sequences were deposited in GenBank. Subsequently, the sequences were phylogenetically analyzed, along with 67 ToBRFV isolates from GenBank.
Results
Of the 136 symptomatic samples, an 800 bp amplicon was amplified from 98 samples in RT-PCR reactions using specific primers targeting the CP gene of ToBRFV. The findings revealed a significant infection rate (65.77%) of tomatoes and peppers grown in greenhouses with ToBRFV in Yazd Province. The CP-based phylogenetic tree analysis of 67 ToBRFV isolates from GenBank and 14 isolates from this study grouped them into three phylogenetic clusters (I, II, and III) with low bootstrap validity. Out of the 14 ToBRFV isolates, four were placed in cluster II, while the rest were not included in any of the specified clusters. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis conducted with the CP gene demonstrated that these isolates exhibit a high nucleotide identity of approximately 98% when compared to other previously documented isolates, which indicates a limited genetic diversity level (0.005).
Conclusions
The virus usually enters greenhouses through asymptomatic infected seedlings, with symptoms becoming apparent as the plants grow. Inside the greenhouses, the virus is transmitted through mechanical means, gardening operations, and the interaction of workers with the plants. The lack of ToBRFV detection in specific symptomatic samples indicates that the symptoms observed could be due to other viruses, co-infections, or non-viral elements. Furthermore, it is possible that other viruses are present alongside the identified virus in positive samples requires further study.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • infected seed
  • infected seedling
  • mechanical transmission
  • tomato brown rugose fruit virus
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