Abramowsky, C. R., Powers, K. G., Aikawa, M., & Swinehart, G. (1981).
Dirofilaria immitis: V. Immunopathology of filarial nephropathy in dogs.
American Journal of Pathology, 104(1), 1–12.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7020425
Alsarraf, M., Levytska, V., Mierzejewska, E. J., Poliukhovych, V., Rodo, A., Alsarraf, M., Kavalevich, D., Dwużnik-Szarek, D., Behnke, J. M., & Bajer, A. (2021). Emerging risk of
Dirofilaria spp. infection in Northeastern Europe: High prevalence of
Dirofilaria repens in sled dog kennels from the Baltic countries.
Scientific Reports, 11(1), Article 1068.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80208-1
Bocková, E., Iglódyová, A., & Kočišová, A. (2015). Potential mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) vectors of
Dirofilaria repens and
Dirofilaria immitis in urban areas of eastern Slovakia.
Parasitology Research, 114(12), 4487–4492.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4692-8
Fuehrer, H.-P., Morelli, S., Unterköfler, M. S., Bajer, A., Bakran-Lebl, K., Dwużnik-Szarek, D., Farkas, R., Grandi, G., Heddergott, M., Jokelainen, P., Knific, T., Leschnik, M., Miterpáková, M., Modrý, D., Petersen, H. H., Skírnisson, K., Vergles Rataj, A., Schnyder, M., & Strube, C. (2021).
Dirofilaria spp. and
Angiostrongylus vasorum: Current risk of spreading in Central and Northern Europe.
Pathogens, 10(10), Article 1268.
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101268
Goddard, A., Leisewitz, A. L., Kjelgaard-Hansen, M., Kristensen, A. T., & Schoeman, J. P. (2016). Excessive pro-inflammatory serum cytokine concentrations in virulent canine babesiosis.
PLoS ONE, 11(3), Article e0150113.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150113
Khezri A, Shafabakhsh H, Alizadeh A, Mohammadabadi M, Shakeri M (2025) Effects of Encapsulated Mixtures of Plant Essential Oils and Organic Acids as an Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters on Humoral Immune Response and Expression of Interleukin-4 and Interferon-Gamma Genes in Broilers.
Journal of Poultry Sciences and Avian Diseases 3(3): 12-19.
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jpsad.3.3.3
Lensi, I., Lubas, G., & Papini, R. A. (2023). Incidental finding of
Dirofilaria immitis (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) microfilariae in the bone marrow of a dog with mixed
Leishmania infantum–
Dirofilaria immitis infection.
Zoonotic Diseases, 3(2), 162–175.
https://doi.org/10.3390/zoonoticdis3020013
Mohammadabadi, M., Khezri, A., Afsharmanesh, M., Kheyrodin, H., Bahreini Behzadi, M. R., Babenko, O., Usenko, S., & Momen, M. (2025a). Investigation of interleukin-6 gene expression in liver and spleen tissues of broiler chickens fed mealworm, probiotics, and mealworm with probiotics.
Agricultural Biotechnology Journal, 17(4), 469–486.
https://doi.org/10.22103/jab.2025.26228.1793
Mohammadabadi, M., Khezri, A., Babenko, O., Borshch, O. O., Kalashnyk, O., Starostenko, I., Тkachenko, S., Klopenko, N., Tytarenko, I., Bezpalyi, I., & Khabiri, A. (2025b). The effect of adding mealworm, probiotics, and mealworm plus probiotics on IL-8 gene expression in liver and spleen tissues of broiler chickens.
OBM Genetics, 9(4), Article 315.
https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.genet.2504315
Morchón, R., López-Belmonte, J., Bazzocchi, C., Grandi, G., Kramer, L. H., & Simón, F. (2007). Dogs with patent
Dirofilaria immitis infection have higher expression of circulating IL-4, IL-10 and iNOS mRNA than those with occult infection.
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 115(1–2), 184–188.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.10.019
Muñoz-Caro, T., Conejeros, I., Zhou, E., Pikhovych, A., Gärtner, U., Hermosilla, C., Kulke, D., & Taubert, A. (2018).
Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae and third-stage larvae induce canine NETosis resulting in different types of neutrophil extracellular traps.
Frontiers in Immunology, 9, Article 968.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00968
O'Connor, R. A., Jenson, J. S., Osborne, J., & Devaney, E. (2003). An enduring association? Microfilariae and immunosuppression in lymphatic filariasis.
Trends in Parasitology, 19(12), 565–570.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2003.09.017
Oleaga, A., Pérez-Sánchez, R., Pagés, E., Marcos-Atxutegi, C., & Simón, F. (2009). Identification of immunoreactive proteins from the dog heartworm (
Dirofilaria immitis) differentially recognized by the sera from dogs with patent or occult infections.
Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 166(2), 134–141.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molbiopara.2009.03.005
Portela, C. S., Mendes de Araújo, C. P., Moura Sousa, P., Gomes Simão, C. L., Silva de Oliveira, J. C., & Crainey, J. L. (2023). Filarial disease in the Brazilian Amazon and emerging opportunities for treatment and control.
Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases, 5, Article 100168.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100168
Rose-John, S., Winthrop, K., & Calabrese, L. (2017). The role of IL-6 in host defence against infections: Immunobiology and clinical implications.
Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 13(7), 399–409.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2017.83
Schüttler, J., & Neumann, S. (2015). Interleukin-6 as a prognostic marker in dogs in an intensive care unit.
Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 44(2), 223–228.
https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.12247
Simón, F., Kramer, L. H., Román, A., Blasini, W., Morchón, R., Marcos-Atxutegi, C., Grandi, G., & Genchi, C. (2007). Immunopathology of
Dirofilaria immitis infection.
Veterinary Research Communications, 31(2), 161–171.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-006-3387-0
Smith, K. A., & Maizels, R. M. (2014). IL-6 controls susceptibility to helminth infection by impeding Th2 responsiveness and altering the Treg phenotype in vivo.
European Journal of Immunology, 44(1), 150–161.
https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201343746
Wang, X., Wei, Y., Xiao, H., Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Han, G., Chen, G., Hou, C., Ma, N., Shen, B., Li, Y., Egwuagu, C. E., & Wang, R. (2016). A novel IL-23p19/Ebi3 (IL-39) cytokine mediates inflammation in lupus-like mice.
European Journal of Immunology, 46(6), 1343–1350.
https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201546095
Wężyk, D., Romanczuk, K., Rodo, A., Kavalevich, D., & Bajer, A. (2023). Haematological indices and immune response profiles in dogs naturally infected and co-infected with
Dirofilaria repens and
Babesia canis.
Scientific Reports, 13, Article 2028.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29011-2
Wilairatana, P., Mala, W., Milanez, G., Kotepui, M., Kotepui, K. U., & Masangkay, F. R. (2022). Increased interleukin-6 levels associated with malaria infection and disease severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Scientific Reports, 12, Article 5982.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09848-9
Wysmołek, M. E., Klockiewicz, M., Długosz, E., & Wiśniewski, M. (2022). Canine antibody response against
Dirofilaria repens in natural occult and microfilaremic infections.
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 86, Article 101818.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101818
Yoon, W. K., Kim, Y. W., Suh, S. L., Choi, R., Lee, S. G., & Hyun, C. (2017). Evaluation of cardiopulmonary and inflammatory markers in dogs with heartworm infection during treatment with the 2014 American Heartworm Society recommended treatment protocol.
Parasites & Vectors, 10(Suppl 2), Article 535.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2427-7