نانوذرات دی‌اکسید سیلیکون مقاومت برنج به بلاست را در Oryza sativa افزایش می‌دهند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه بهداشت محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم انرژی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه علوم الکرخ، بغداد، عراق.

2 گروه بهداشت محیط ‌زیست، دانشکده علوم انرژی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه علوم الکرخ، بغداد، عراق.

3 گروه بهداشت محیط‌ زیست، دانشکده علوم انرژی و محیط‌ زیست، دانشگاه علوم الکرخ، بغداد، عراق.

چکیده

هدف: عامل بیماری‌زای بلاست برنج، Pyricularia oryzae، همچنان یکی از مخرب‌ترین موانع تولید برنج در سراسر جهان به شمار می‌رود. این مطالعه بررسی می‌کند که آیا نانوذرات دی‌اکسید سیلیکون (SiO₂NPs) می‌توانند رشد گیاه برنج، عملکرد و پاسخ‌های دفاعی آن را بهبود بخشیده و در عین حال شدت بیماری بلاست را کاهش دهند. توانایی SiO₂NPs در فعال‌سازی آنزیم‌های دفاعی و ژن‌های مرتبط با پاتوژنز (PR) آن‌ها را به جایگزینی سازگار با محیط‌زیست برای قارچ‌کش‌های شیمیایی تبدیل می‌کند. این پژوهش همچنین کاربرد گسترده‌تر نانوفناوری را به‌عنوان رویکردی پایدار برای تأمین امنیت تولید برنج تحت فشار بیماری بررسی می‌نماید. این مطالعه برای نخستین بار مکانیسم حفاظتی دوگانه نانوذرات SiO₂ را بررسی کرده و همچنین مقایسه‌ای بین دو روش کاربرد خیساندن بذر و محلول‌پاشی برگی تحت شرایط آلودگی به بلاست ارائه می‌دهد و نشان می‌دهد که کاربرد برگی رویکرد مؤثرتری برای مهار بیماری است.
مواد و روش‌ها: نانوذرات SiO₂ با غلظت‌های 0، 50، 100 و 200 پی‌پی‌ام از طریق خیساندن بذر یا محلول‌پاشی برگی به بذرهای رقم برنج IR64 اعمال شدند. دو هفته پس از تلقیح P. oryzae، شاخص شدت بیماری (DSI) اندازه‌گیری شد. علاوه بر پارامترهای رشد و عملکرد، آنالیزهای بیوشیمیایی شامل فعالیت پراکسیداز (POD) و پلی‌فنل اکسیداز (PPO) و همچنین سطوح بیان ژن‌های PR-1 و PR-5 ثبت گردید. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون ANOVA و LSD در سطح معنی‌داری p≤0.05 انجام شد.
نتایج: شدت بیماری بلاست با افزایش غلظت SiO₂NPs به‌صورت وابسته به دوز کاهش یافت. در غلظت 200 پی‌پی‌ام، شاخص شدت بیماری از 2/78% در تیمار شاهد بدون نانوذره به 1/32% کاهش یافت. عملکرد دانه در بالاترین تیمار نانوذره‌ای 56% افزایش نشان داد که بیانگر بهبود قابل توجه اجزای عملکرد است. گیاهان تیمار شده با SiO₂NPs افزایش معنی‌دار بیان ژن‌های PR-1 (2/3 برابر) و PR-5 (2 برابر) و همچنین افزایش فعالیت POD (8/1 برابر) و PPO (1/2 برابر) را نشان دادند. اثرات حفاظتی کاربرد برگی به‌طور مداوم بیشتر از خیساندن بذر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Silicon dioxide nanoparticles enhance rice blast resistance in Oryza sativa

نویسندگان [English]

  • Marwa D. Jaaffer 1
  • Abdulhussein Elaf 2
  • Abbas Alaa 2
  • Ammar M. Chaloop 3
1 Department of Environmental Health, College of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Al-Karkh University of Science, Baghdad, Iraq.
2 Department of Environmental Health, College of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Al-Karkh University of Science, Baghdad, Iraq.
3 Department of Environmental Health, College of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Al-Karkh University of Science, Baghdad, Iraq.
چکیده [English]

Objective
The causative agent of rice blast, Pyricularia oryzae, continues to be one of the most damaging obstacles to rice production worldwide. This study examines whether silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO₂NPs) improved rice plant growth, yield, and defense responses while lessening the severity of blasts. SiO₂NPs' ability to activate defense enzymes and pathogenesis-related (PR) genes made them an environmentally friendly substitute for chemical fungicides. The work also explores the broader applicability of nanotechnology as a sustainable approach to securing rice production under disease pressure. This study studies for the first time the dual protective mechanism of SiO₂ nanoparticles and also provides a comparison of seed drench versus foliar spray application modes under blast infection conditions and identifies foliar delivery as a more effective approach for disease suppression.
Materials and methods
SiO₂NPs (0, 50, 100, and 200 ppm) were applied on rice cultivar IR64 seeds either by seed soaking or foliar spraying. The disease severity index (DSI) was recorded two weeks after inoculation with P. oryzae. Along with growth parameters and yield parameters, biochemical analyses of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, PR-1 and PR-5 level of gene expression were also documented. Statistical analysis of the data was done using ANOVA and LSD at p≤ 0.05.
Results
Applying SiO₂NPs to the concentration-dependent extent of the blast severity was suppressed. DSI declined to 32.1% at 200 ppm of the untreated control of 78.2%. The highest treatment with nanoparticles showed a 56 % increment in grain yield, indicating a significant positive enhancement of yield components. PR-1 (3.2-fold), PR-5 (2.0-fold) upregulation, POD (1.8-fold) and PPO (2.1-fold) activities were significantly enhanced in SiO 2 NP -treated plants. Effective protection was always higher than that of seed soaking because of foliar application.
Conclusions
SiO₂NPs effectively reduced the severity of rice blast and, at the same time, stimulated plant growth and defense response. They are good options for long-term, nanotechnology-based disease control in rice farming due to their dual functions as structural protectants and molecular inducers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • defense enzymes
  • induced resistance
  • pathogenesis-related genes
  • Pyricularia oryzae
  • silicon nanoparticles

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مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی
دوره 18، شماره 1
فروردین 1405
صفحه 339-362

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