غنای فیتوشیمیایی و خواص ضدپیری گیاه Kalanchoe pinnata: بینش‌هایی حاصل از آزمون‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی و مهار الاستاز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه آنالیز دارویی و شیمی دارویی، دانشکده علوم سلامت، دانشگاه المدارسه مادانی، ماکاسار، 90242، اندونزی

2 علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه پِجوآنگ جمهوری اندونزی، ماکاسار، 90215، اندونزی

3 گروه فناوری دارویی، دانشکده علوم سلامت، دانشگاه المدارسه مادانی، ماکاسار، 90242، اندونزی.

4 گروه شیمی دارویی، دانشکده داروسازی، دانشگاه اندونزی شرقی، ماکاسار، اندونزی.

چکیده

هدف: این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی و فعالیت‌های زیستی عصاره‌های برگ و ساقه گیاه Kalanchoe pinnata انجام شد. اهداف اختصاصی شامل تعیین مقدار ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدی و آلکالوئیدی، بررسی توان آنتی‌اکسیدانی با استفاده از چندین آزمون in vitro و تعیین فعالیت ضدپیری از طریق مهار آنزیم الاستاز بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: برگ‌ها و ساقه‌های K. pinnata از استان سولاوسی جنوبی اندونزی جمع‌آوری، خشک، پودر و با استفاده از اتانول 96% به روش ماسراسیون استخراج شدند. غربالگری فیتوشیمیایی با آزمون‌های کیفی استاندارد انجام گرفت و اندازه‌گیری کمی ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدی و آلکالوئیدی با روش‌های رنگ‌سنجی صورت پذیرفت. فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی با استفاده از آزمون‌های ظرفیت کل آنتی‌اکسیدانی (TAC)، قدرت احیای آهن (FRAP)، ظرفیت احیای مس (CUPRAC)، مهار رادیکال ABTS و آزمون سفیدشدگی بتاکاروتن ارزیابی شد. فعالیت مهار الاستاز با استفاده از الاستاز پانکراس خوک و بستر N-succinyl-(Ala-Ala-Ala)-p-nitroanilide تعیین گردید. تمامی آزمایش‌ها در سه تکرار انجام شد و داده‌ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی، تحلیل همبستگی و تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی (PCA) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند.
نتایج: هر دو عصاره برگ (KPLE) و ساقه (KPSE) حاوی ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدی و آلکالوئیدی بودند؛ در حالی که ترپنوئیدها تنها در برگ‌ها و ساپونین‌ها فقط در ساقه‌ها شناسایی شدند. آنالیز کمی نشان داد که میزان ترکیبات فنولی (36.73 میلی‌گرم معادل اسید گالیک بر گرم)، فلاونوئیدی (06/20 میلی‌گرم معادل کوئرستین بر گرم) و آلکالوئیدی (42/11 میلی‌گرم معادل کینین بر گرم) در عصاره ساقه بیشتر از برگ بود. عصاره ساقه (KPSE) فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی قوی‌تری نشان داد و مقادیر بالاتری از TAC (66.78 µM GAEAC/g)، FRAP (122.26 µM FeEAC/g) و CUPRAC (31.60 µM QEAC/g) را ثبت کرد و همچنین توان بالایی در مهار رادیکال ABTS و پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی ((IC₅₀ کمتر از 50 میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر) داشت. در مقابل، عصاره برگ (KPLE) ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی متوسطی (IC₅₀ در بازه 50 تا 100 میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر) نشان داد. مهار الاستاز برای KPSE متوسط (IC₅0 = 44 µg/mL) و ضعیف برای KPLE(IC₅₀ = 680 µg/mL) بود. تحلیل PCA و همبستگی، ارتباط قوی بین غنای فیتوشیمیایی و فعالیت‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی و ضدالاستازی را تأیید کرد.
نتیجه‌گیری: عصاره ساقه K. pinnata در مقایسه با عصاره برگ، محتوای فیتوشیمیایی بالاتر، ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی قوی‌تر و مهار مؤثرتری بر الاستاز نشان داد. این نتایج، ساقه‌های K. pinnata را به‌عنوان منبع طبیعی امیدبخش ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدانی و ضدپیری معرفی می‌کند و از پتانسیل کاربرد آن‌ها در فرمولاسیون‌های آرایشی-بهداشتی گیاهی و فرآورده‌های درمانی حمایت می‌نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Phytochemical richness and anti aging properties of Kalanchoe pinnata: Insights from antioxidant and elastase inhibition assays

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fitriyanti Jumaetri Sami 1
  • Hartina Zahlim 1
  • Mislia Mislia 2
  • Radhia Riski 3
  • Ajeng Kurniati Roddu 4
  • Syamsu Nur 1
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Health, Almarisah Madani University, Makasar, 90242, Indonesia.
2 Educational Sciences, Universitas Pejuang Republik Indonesia, Makassar, 90215, Indonesia.
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Health, Almarisah Madani University, Makasar, 90242, Indonesia.
4 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia Timur, Makassar, Indonesia
چکیده [English]

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and biological activities of Kalanchoe pinnata leaf and stem extracts. The specific objectives were to quantify the contents of phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids, assess antioxidant potential using multiple in vitro assays, and determine anti-aging activity via elastase inhibition.
Materials and methods
Leaves and stems of K. pinnata were collected from South Sulawesi, Indonesia, dried, powdered, and extracted with 96% ethanol by maceration. Phytochemical screening was performed using standard qualitative tests, while quantitative analysis of phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids was conducted with colorimetric assays. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ABTS radical scavenging, and β-carotene bleaching assays. Anti-elastase activity was determined using porcine pancreatic elastase with N-succinyl-(Ala-Ala-Ala)-p-nitroanilide as substrate. All experiments were performed in triplicate, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA).
Results
Both leaf (KPLE) and stem (KPSE) extracts contained phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids, with terpenoids detected only in leaves and saponins only in stems. Quantitative analysis revealed higher levels of phenolics (36.73 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (20.06 mg QE/g), and alkaloids (11.42 mg Quinin Equivalen/g) in stems compared with leaves. KPSE exhibited more potent antioxidant activity, with higher TAC (66.78 µM GAEAC/g), FRAP (122.26 µM FeEAC/g), and CUPRAC (31.60 µM QEAC/g) values, as well as potent ABTS radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition (IC₅₀ < 50 µg/mL). In contrast, KPLE showed moderate antioxidant capacity (IC₅₀ values 50-100 µg/mL). Elastase inhibition was moderate for KPSE (IC₅0 = 44 µg/mL) and weak for KPLE (IC₅₀ = 680 µg/mL). PCA and correlation analyses confirmed strong associations between phytochemical richness and both antioxidant and anti-elastase activities.
Conclusion
The stem extract of K. pinnata demonstrated superior phytochemical content, antioxidant capacity, and elastase inhibition compared with the leaf extract. These findings highlight K. pinnata stems as a promising natural source of antioxidant and anti-aging compounds, supporting their potential application in herbal-based cosmetics and therapeutic formulations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant
  • anti-aging
  • anti-elastase
  • Kalanchoe pinnata extract
  • phytoconstituent

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مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی
دوره 18، شماره 1
فروردین 1405
صفحه 457-480

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