تأثیر نانوذرات بر القای کالوس و تولید متابولیت‌های ثانویه در Salvia hispanica L

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه المستنصریه، بغداد، عراق.

2 کمیسیون تحقیقات علمی، بغداد، عراق.

10.22103/jab.2026.26948.1869

چکیده

هدف: دانه‌های چیا (Salvia hispanica L.) دارای ترکیبات پلی‌فنولی متنوع شامل فلاونوئیدها، اسیدهای فنولی، دپسیدها و کاتچین‌ها هستند. این دانه‌ها غنی از مواد مغذی و ترکیبات زیست‌فعال بوده و به‌عنوان مؤلفه در صنایع غذایی، مکمل‌های رژیمی و محصولات آرایشی کاربرد دارند. نانوذرات به‌عنوان محرک‌های نوآورانه در کشاورزی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی مطرح شده‌اند. هدف این مطالعه بررسی اثربخشی نانوذرات اکسید آهن (Fe₂O₃ NPs) به‌عنوان نانو-الیسیتور در افزایش بیوسنتز ترکیبات فنولی زیست‌فعال در کشت کالوس‌های مشتق‌شده از Salvia hispanica L بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: کالوس‌ها از قطعات رویشی روی محیط کشت Murashige و Skoog (MS) حاوی mg/L BA1 و mg/L IAA 1 تولید شدند. سپس کشت‌ها در معرض غلظت‌های مختلف Fe₂O₃ NPs (0، 5، 10، 15، 20 و 25 میلی گرم در لیتر) قرار گرفتند و ترکیب فنولی با استفاده از HPLC تحلیل شد. داده‌ها با آنالیز واریانس (ANOVA) و آزمون چندگانه دانکن (p ≤ 0.05) تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.
نتایج: افزایش غلظت نانوذرات باعث تغییرات وابسته به دوز در پروفیل فنولی شد. شش اسید فنولی شامل پروتکاتچوئیک، فیرولیک، وانیلیک، سیرینگیک، کلروژنیک و p-کوماریک بیشترین تجمع را در کمترین دوز mg/L5 نشان دادند (افزایش 282%)، در حالی که اسید رزمارینیک به‌طور پیوسته افزایش یافته و در mg/L25 به حداکثر رسید (افزایش 123%). اسید گالیک بیشترین میزان خود را در mg/L15 نشان داد، در حالی که اسید رزمارینیک به µg/mL1771 (123% بالاتر از کنترل) در mg/L 25 رسید. استفاده از Fe₂O₃ NPs تولید اسیدهای فنولی را در کشت کالوس افزایش داد؛ غلظت mg/L5 بیشترین تجمع کلی فنول‌ها را ایجاد کرد، در حالی که غلظت‌های بالاتر به‌طور انتخابی سنتز ترکیبات خاصی مانند اسید گالیک و رزمارینیک را تحریک کردند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان می‌دهد که Fe₂O₃ NPs می‌توانند به‌عنوان الیسیتورهای مؤثر و کم‌هزینه عمل کنند و بیوسنتز فنول‌های ارزشمند را در کالوس چیا افزایش دهند. این مطالعه پایه‌ای برای بهینه‌سازی و توسعه مقیاس بزرگ استفاده از نانوذرات جهت افزایش تولید متابولیت‌های زیست‌فعال در سیستم‌های کشت سلول گیاهی فراهم می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of nanoparticles on callus induction to produce secondary metabolites in Salvia hispanica L

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shaimaa N. Mizil 1
  • Ekhlas A. J. Elkaaby 2
  • Lumeaa A. M. Alshimmary 2
  • Ashwaq A. A. Al Aubaidy 2
1 Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
2 Scientific Research Commission, Baghdad, Iraq.
چکیده [English]

Objective
The seeds of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) have a variety of polyphenolic compounds, which include flavonoids, phenolic acids, depsides and catechins. They are rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds and contain bioactive compounds; therefore, they are allowed as ingredients in food, dietary supplements, and cosmetic products. Moreover, nanoparticles are emerging as innovative elicitors in agriculture and plant biotechnology. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₂O₃ NPs) as nano-elicitors for enhancing the biosynthesis of bioactive phenolic compounds found in callus cultures derived from Salvia hispanica L. (chia).
Materials and methods
Callus cultures were produced from shoot explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) growth medium supplemented with 1 mg/L BA and 1 mg/L IAA. The cultures were subjected to various concentrations of Fe₂O₃ NPs (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mg/L) and subsequently analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the profile of the phenolic compounds. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Duncan's multiple range test at p ≤ 0.05.
Results
Strong concentration-dependent modulation of the phenolic profile was observed, with six phenolic acids (protocatechuic, ferulic, vanillic, syringic, chlorogenic, and p-coumaric) exhibiting maximum accumulation at the lowest dosage of 5 mg/L (increased by 282%) and the rosmarinic acid accumulating progressively with a peak level at 25 mg/L (increased by 123%). Gallic acid peaked at 15 mg/L, while rosmarinic acid increased progressively, reaching 1771 µg/mL (123% higher than control) at 25 mg/L. Treatment with Fe₂O₃ NPs enhanced phenolic acid production in callus cultures. The 5 mg/L concentration led to the highest overall accumulation of phenolic acids, whereas higher concentrations preferentially stimulated the biosynthesis of specific compounds, including gallic acid and rosmarinic acid.
Conclusion
Results show that Fe₂O₃ NPs can act as potent, low-cost elicitors that selectively increase the biosynthesis of value-added phenolics in the callus cultures of chia for use as nutraceuticals. This study provides a basis for further optimization and scale-up of nanoparticle-mediated elicitation to enhance the production of bioactive metabolites in plant cell culture systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • HPLC
  • iron oxide nanoparticles
  • polyphenolic compounds
  • rosmarinic acid
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