شناسایی مولکولی Chrysomya bezziana جدا شده از گوسفند و بز در استان المثنی، عراق

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه انگل‌شناسی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه القاسم الخضراء، بابل 51013، عراق.

10.22103/jab.2026.27124.1889

چکیده

هدف: مگس کرم‌خوار دنیای قدیم (Chrysomya bezziana) یک مگس انگل اجباری است که موجب مایازیس (آلودگی با لارو مگس) در دام‌ها و گاهی انسان می‌شود. هدف این مطالعه شناسایی لاروهای Chrysomya bezziana جمع‌آوری‌شده از گوسفند و بز در استان المثنی عراق با استفاده از روش‌های مولکولی مبتنی بر ژن میتوکندریایی سیتوکروم اکسیداز زیرواحد I (COI) و بررسی روابط فیلوژنتیکی میان ایزوله‌های عراقی و سویه‌های مرجع جهانی بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه، تعداد 100 لارو از حیوانات آلوده (150 رأس گوسفند و بز بررسی‌شده) از مناطق مختلف استان المثنی عراق جمع‌آوری شد. DNA ژنومی از بافت لاروها با استفاده از روش استاندارد استخراج گردید. پرایمرهای اختصاصی برای بررسی ژن COI (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) میتوکندریایی طراحی شدند. PCR برای تکثیر قطعه 670 جفت‌بازی مورد انتظار انجام شد. محصولات PCR از نمونه‌های مثبت منتخب برای توالی‌یابی Sanger ارسال شدند. توالی‌ها با استفاده از پایگاه BLAST (NCBI) تحلیل و سپس تحلیل فیلوژنتیکی با نرم‌افزار MEGA11 برای تعیین روابط ژنتیکی با ایزوله‌های جهانی انجام شد.
نتایج: تحلیل ژنتیکی نشان داد که قطعه 670 جفت‌بازی ژن COI به‌طور دقیق قادر به شناسایی مگس کرم‌خوار است. تطبیق توالی DNA با نمونه‌های بالغ نیز این شناسایی را تأیید کرد. درخت فیلوژنتیکی نشان داد که ایزوله‌های عراقی در یک خوشه جداگانه قرار گرفته‌اند، در حالی که ایزوله‌های جهانی در خوشه‌های متفاوت پراکنده شده‌اند. این نتایج نشان می‌دهد که اگرچه ایزوله‌های عراقی متعلق به همان گونه در سطح جهانی هستند، اما تفاوت‌های ژنتیکی جزئی نسبت به برخی سویه‌های ثبت‌شده در کشورهای دیگر دارند.
نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه، ژن COI می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک نشانگر مولکولی مؤثر برای شناسایی دقیق Chrysomya bezziana مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. شباهت ژنتیکی ایزوله‌های عراقی در کنار تفاوت‌های جزئی با سویه‌های جهانی ممکن است نشان‌دهنده ویژگی‌های ژنتیکی منطقه‌ای این گونه در عراق باشد.
کلمات کلیدی: شناسایی مولکولی، فیلوژنی، گوسفند، Chrysomya bezziana، COI

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Molecular characterization of Chrysomya bezziana isolated from sheep and goats in Al Muthanna Governorate, Iraq

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeina Qasim Fahmi
  • Akeel Mohammad Kadim Al-Musawi
Department of Parasitology, College Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon 51013, Iraq
چکیده [English]

Objective
The Old World screwworm fly (Chrysomya bezziana) is an obligate parasitic fly that causes myiasis in livestock and occasionally in humans. It causes obligate myiasis in livestock and can infest humans in some cases. The aim of the current study was to identify Chrysomya bezziana larvae collected from sheep and goats in Al-Muthanna Governorate, Iraq using molecular techniques for the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and investigate the phylogenetic relationship between Iraqi isolates and global reference strains.
Materials and methods
In this study, A total of 100 larvae were collected from infected sheep and goats (n = 150 examined animals) from different regions of Al-Muthani Governorate, Iraq. Genomic DNA was extracted from the tissues of the collected larvae using a standard method. Species-specific primers were designed to study the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. PCR was used to amplify the 670 bp fragment expected for the designed primers. PCR products from selected positive samples were subjected to Sanger sequencing. Sequences were analyzed using BLAST (NCBI) and phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA11 software to determine their genetic relationships with global isolates.
Results
Genetic analysis showed that a 670-base-pair segment of the COI gene accurately identified the screwworm fly. Subsequent genetic analysis confirmed this identification by matching the DNA sequence with adult fly samples. The phylogenetic tree shows a degree of separation between Iraqi and global isolates. The Iraqi samples cluster together in their own specific cluster within the tree, while the global isolates are distributed in separate clusters. This indicates that the C. bezziana isolates from Iraq belong to the same species at the global level, but they exhibit slight genetic variation compared to some strains recorded in other countries.
Conclusion
According to the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that the COI gene can be used as an effective molecular marker for the accurate identification of Chrysomya bezziana. The genetic similarity obtained between the Iraqi isolates in this study, although slightly different from global strains, could indicate the presence of regional genetic characteristics of this species in Iraq.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chrysomya bezziana
  • COI
  • Molecular identification
  • Phylogeny
  • sheep

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مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی
دوره 18، شماره 3
شهریور 1405
صفحه 585-598

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