کنترل زیستی تلفیقی پوسیدگی ریشه بامیه ناشی از Fusarium solani و Macrophomina phaseolina با استفاده از Pseudomonas fluorescens و Saccharomyces cerevisiae

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه حفاظت گیاه، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه میسان، عراق.

2 گروه حفاظت گیاه، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه میسان، عراق

10.22103/jab.2026.27237.1913

چکیده

هدف: این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی توان آنتاگونیستی مخمر Saccharomyces cerevisiae و باکتری Pseudomonas fluorescens علیه قارچ‌های Fusarium solani و Macrophomina phaseolina، عوامل ایجادکننده پوسیدگی ریشه و مرگ گیاهچه در بامیه انجام شد. این پژوهش شامل جداسازی و شناسایی عوامل بیماری‌زا، بررسی تفاوت‌های بیماری‌زایی آن‌ها و ارزیابی عوامل کنترل زیستی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و گلخانه‌ای بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: سه جدایه از Fusarium solani و دو جدایه از Macrophomina phaseolina از گیاهان بامیه آلوده جمع‌آوری‌شده از مناطق مختلف جداسازی شدند. بین جدایه‌ها از نظر شدت بیماری‌زایی اختلاف قابل توجهی مشاهده شد. جدایه F1 از F. solani بیشترین حدت بیماری‌زایی را نشان داد و در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد، موجب کاهش معنی‌دار درصد جوانه‌زنی بذر و افزایش مرگ‌ومیر گیاهچه‌ها به ترتیب به میزان 2/43 درصد و 4/49 درصد شد.
نتایج: آزمون‌های آزمایشگاهی نشان داد که Pseudomonas fluorescens رشد شعاعی قارچ‌های F. solani و M. phaseolina را به ترتیب 36/48 درصد و 7/64 درصد مهار کرد. همچنین، Saccharomyces cerevisiae فعالیت ضدقارچی قابل توجهی از خود نشان داد. این نتایج نشان داد که هر دو عامل زیستی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی به‌طور مؤثری رشد قارچ‌های بیماری‌زا را مهار می‌کنند. آزمون‌های بیماری‌زایی نیز تأیید کرد که آلودگی با F. solani و M. phaseolina موجب کاهش معنی‌دار درصد جوانه‌زنی بذر و افزایش مرگ‌ومیر گیاهچه‌ها می‌شود. با این حال، کاربرد عوامل کنترل زیستی شدت بیماری را به‌طور چشمگیری کاهش داد. در میان تمامی تیمارها، کاربرد همزمان P. fluorescens همراه با M. phaseolina بهترین نتیجه را به همراه داشت و در مقایسه با تیمارهای آلوده به عامل بیماری‌زا، موجب افزایش معنی‌دار درصد جوانه‌زنی و کاهش مرگ‌ومیر گیاهچه‌ها شد. نتایج آزمایش‌های گلخانه‌ای نیز نشان داد که Saccharomyces cerevisiae و Pseudomonas fluorescens، چه به‌صورت منفرد و چه به‌صورت ترکیبی، موجب افزایش معنی‌دار درصد جوانه‌زنی، میزان کلروفیل، رشد رویشی و سطح برگ شدند. افزون بر این، کاربرد توأم این دو عامل زیستی اثر هم‌افزایی قابل توجهی در مهار فعالیت عوامل بیماری‌زا، کاهش شیوع و شدت بیماری و بهبود رشد کلی گیاه از خود نشان داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی، نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که Saccharomyces cerevisiae و Pseudomonas fluorescens عوامل کنترل زیستی امیدبخش و سازگار با محیط زیست هستند که می‌توان از آن‌ها به‌طور مؤثر در برنامه‌های مدیریت تلفیقی بیماری برای کنترل پوسیدگی ریشه بامیه ناشی از Fusarium solani و Macrophomina phaseolina استفاده کرد. این یافته‌ها از توسعه راهکارهای پایدار مدیریت بیماری حمایت می‌کنند؛ راهکارهایی که ضمن کاهش وابستگی به قارچ‌کش‌های شیمیایی، سلامت و بهره‌وری گیاه را نیز بهبود می‌بخشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Integrated biocontrol of okra root rot caused by Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina using Pseudomonas fluorescens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmed Falih Shamukh 1
  • Norien Abdulzahra Hasan 1
  • Wedad Marid Hamood 2
  • Qusai Hattab Madhi 2
1 Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture, University of Misan, Iraq.
2 Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture, University of Misan, Iraq.
چکیده [English]

Objective
This study evaluated the antagonistic potential of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens against Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agents of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) root rot and seedling damping-off. The research involved isolation and identification of the pathogens, assessment of their pathogenic variability, and evaluation of biological control agents under laboratory and greenhouse conditions.
Materials and methods
Three isolates of F. solani and two isolates of M. phaseolina were obtained from infected okra plants collected from different locations. Significant variation in pathogenicity was observed among the isolates. The isolate F1 of F. solani exhibited the highest virulence, causing a significant reduction in seed germination and increasing seedling mortality by 43.2% and 49.4%, respectively, compared with the untreated control.
Results
In vitro assays demonstrated that P. fluorescens effectively inhibited the radial growth of F. solani and M. phaseolina by 48.36% and 64.7%, respectively. Similarly, S. cerevisiae exhibited significant antifungal activity, particularly at the fifth dilution, where growth inhibition reached 74.1% for F. solani and 76.1% for M. phaseolina. These findings demonstrate that both biological agents significantly suppressed fungal growth under in vitro conditions. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that infection with F. solani and M. phaseolina significantly reduced seed germination and increased seedling mortality. However, application of biological treatments reduced disease severity. Among all treatments, the combined application of M. phaseolina with P. fluorescens produced the best results, significantly improving germination percentage and reducing seedling mortality compared to pathogen-only treatments. Greenhouse experiments further revealed that both S. cerevisiae and P. fluorescens, applied individually or in combination, significantly enhanced seed germination, chlorophyll content, vegetative growth, and leaf area. Moreover, the combined treatment exhibited a strong synergistic effect in suppressing pathogen activity, reducing disease incidence and severity, and promoting overall plant growth performance.
Conclusion
Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that S. cerevisiae and P. fluorescens are promising eco-friendly biological control agents that can be effectively used in integrated management strategies for controlling okra root rot disease caused by F. solani and M. phaseolina. These findings support the development of sustainable disease management approaches that reduce reliance on chemical fungicides while improving plant health and productivity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biocontrol agents
  • Fusarium solani
  • Macrophomina phaseolina
  • Pseudomonas fluorescens
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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