سنتز سبز نانوذرات نقره با استفاده از عسل سدر و عسل بهاره و ارزیابی فعالیت ضدباکتریایی آن‌ها علیه جدایه‌های بالینی Staphylococcus aureus

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده آموزش ـ القرنه، دانشگاه بصره، بصره، عراق

10.22103/jab.2026.27423.1948

چکیده

هدف: عفونت‌های پای دیابتی (Diabetic Foot Infections; DFIs) از مهم‌ترین و جدی‌ترین عوارض بیماری دیابت شیرین به شمار می‌روند و اغلب با حضور سویه‌های Staphylococcus aureus مقاوم به چند دارو همراه هستند که اثربخشی درمان‌های متداول آنتی‌بیوتیکی را محدود می‌کنند. هدف این مطالعه، سنتز سبز نانوذرات نقره (AgNPs) با استفاده از دو نوع عسل طبیعی (عسل سدر و عسل بهاره)، مشخصه‌یابی نانوذرات سنتزشده و ارزیابی فعالیت ضدباکتریایی آن‌ها و نیز بررسی اثر هم‌افزایی آن‌ها با آموکسی‌سیلین/کلاوولانیک اسید علیه جدایه‌های بالینی Staphylococcus aureus بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: نانوذرات نقره با استفاده از نیترات نقره سنتز شدند و عسل طبیعی به‌عنوان عامل کاهنده و پایدارکننده مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نانوذرات سنتزشده با استفاده از طیف‌سنجی فرابنفش–مرئی (UV–Vis)، میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی (SEM)، پراش پرتو ایکس (XRD)، طیف‌سنجی مادون قرمز تبدیل فوریه (FTIR)، طیف‌سنجی پراکندگی انرژی پرتو ایکس (EDX) و آنالیز پتانسیل زتا مشخصه‌یابی شدند. فعالیت ضدباکتریایی آن‌ها با روش انتشار در چاهک آگار ارزیابی شد و اثر هم‌افزایی آن‌ها با آموکسی‌سیلین/کلاوولانیک اسید علیه جدایه‌های بالینی S. aureus مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
نتایج: نتایج طیف‌سنجی UV–Vis وجود یک پیک مشخص رزونانس پلاسمون سطحی در طول موج 422 نانومتر را نشان داد که تشکیل موفق نانوذرات نقره را تأیید کرد. تصاویر SEM نشان داد که نانوذرات عمدتاً دارای شکل کروی بوده و اندازه آن‌ها بین 45/15 تا 34/30 نانومتر متغیر است. نتایج XRD ساختار بلوری نانوذرات نقره را تأیید کرد، در حالی که مقادیر پتانسیل زتا در حدود 23- میلی‌ولت بیانگر پایداری مناسب سوسپانسیون کلوئیدی نانوذرات بود. نانوذرات نقره سنتزشده فعالیت ضدباکتریایی وابسته به غلظت از خود نشان دادند و بیشترین قطر هاله عدم رشد 8/21 میلی‌متر بود. نانوذرات سنتزشده با استفاده از عسل بهاره، فعالیت ضدباکتریایی اندکی بیشتر از نانوذرات تهیه‌شده با عسل سدر نشان دادند. همچنین، ترکیب نانوذرات نقره با آموکسی‌سیلین/کلاوولانیک اسید در مقایسه با هر یک از این عوامل به‌تنهایی، موجب افزایش معنی‌دار فعالیت ضدباکتریایی شد (P < 0.05).
نتیجه‌گیری: نانوذرات نقره سنتزشده با واسطه عسل دارای ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی مطلوب، فعالیت ضدباکتریایی مؤثر و اثر هم‌افزایی قابل توجه با آموکسی‌سیلین/کلاوولانیک اسید علیه جدایه‌های بالینی Staphylococcus aureus جداشده از عفونت‌های پای دیابتی بودند. استفاده از عسل طبیعی به‌عنوان عامل کاهنده و پایدارکننده سازگار با محیط زیست، رویکردی پایدار برای سنتز نانوذرات فراهم می‌کند و پتانسیل این نانوذرات را به‌عنوان عوامل ضدمیکروبی کمکی در افزایش اثربخشی درمان، کاهش احتمالی دوز آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها و محدود کردن روند ایجاد مقاومت باکتریایی نشان می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Sidr and Spring honey and evaluation of their antibacterial activity against clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rasha Nadim Abdullah
  • Ali Dhareb Shaaban
  • Ismail Jumaa Abbas
Department of Biology, College of Education-Qurna, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
چکیده [English]

Objective
Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are among the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus and are frequently associated with multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, limiting the effectiveness of conventional antibiotic therapy. This study aimed to green synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using two types of natural honey (Sidr and Spring honey), characterize the synthesized nanoparticles, and evaluate their antibacterial activity and synergistic effect with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid against clinical S. aureus isolates.
Materials and methods
Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using silver nitrate, with natural honey serving as both the reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and zeta potential analysis. Their antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method, and synergistic activity with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was assessed against clinical S. aureus isolates.
Results
UV–Vis spectroscopy showed a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 422 nm, confirming nanoparticle formation. SEM analysis revealed predominantly spherical nanoparticles with particle sizes ranging from 15.45 to 30.34 nm. XRD confirmed the crystalline structure of the AgNPs, while zeta potential values of approximately −23 mV indicated good colloidal stability. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited concentration-dependent antibacterial activity, with a maximum inhibition zone of 21.8 mm. Spring honey-derived AgNPs demonstrated slightly higher antibacterial activity than Sidr honey-derived AgNPs. The combination of AgNPs with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid significantly enhanced antibacterial activity compared with either treatment alone (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Honey-mediated silver nanoparticles exhibited favorable physicochemical characteristics, effective antibacterial activity, and a significant synergistic effect with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid against clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates from diabetic foot infections. The use of natural honey as an eco-friendly reducing and stabilizing agent provides a sustainable approach for nanoparticle synthesis and highlights the potential of these nanoparticles as adjunct antimicrobial agents for improving therapeutic efficacy while potentially reducing antibiotic dosage and limiting the development of bacterial resistance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • antibacterial activity
  • green synthesis
  • natural honey
  • silver nanoparticles
  • Staphylococcus aureus

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