تشخیص مولکولی Toxoplasma gondii با استفاده از PCR زمان واقعی در جوجه‌های گوشتی شهر بغداد، عراق

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه میکروب‌شناسی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه بغداد، بغداد، عراق.

چکیده

هدف: Toxoplasma gondii یک انگل تک‌یاخته‌ای داخل‌سلولی است که عامل بیماری توکسوپلاسموز، یک بیماری مهم مشترک بین انسان و حیوان، در سراسر جهان محسوب می‌شود. جوجه‌های گوشتی به دلیل قرار گرفتن در معرض محیط‌های آلوده و نقش آن‌ها در انتقال آلودگی از طریق مواد غذایی، به‌عنوان منابع بالقوه عفونت در نظر گرفته می‌شوند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف شناسایی T. gondii در جوجه‌های گوشتی شهر بغداد با استفاده از روش‌های PCR معمولی و PCR کمی زمان واقعی با رونویسی معکوس (RT-qPCR) انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در مجموع، 50 نمونه از جوجه‌های گوشتی از بازارهای محلی فروش و کشتار مرغ زنده در مناطق مختلف شهر بغداد، شامل بازارهای ابوغریب، الغزالیه، العدل، الشورجه و جمیله، طی دوره زمانی ژانویه 2026 تا ژوئن 2026 جمع‌آوری شد. نمونه‌های خون در شرایط آسپتیک جمع‌آوری و برای بررسی‌های مولکولی به دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه بغداد منتقل شدند. DNA ژنومی برای انجام PCR معمولی استخراج شد. سپس RNA تام استخراج شد و پس از رونویسی معکوس به cDNA، با استفاده از RT-qPCR و با هدف قرار دادن ژن B1 متعلق به T. gondii مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
نتایج: PCR معمولی با موفقیت ژن 18S rRNA را تکثیر کرد و محصول مورد انتظار به اندازه 976 جفت‌باز تولید شد که با استفاده از الکتروفورز روی ژل آگارز تأیید گردید. T. gondii در 20 مورد از 50 نمونه خون جوجه‌های گوشتی (40.0%) شناسایی شد، درحالی‌که 30 نمونه (60.0%) در RT-qPCR با هدف قرار دادن ژن B1 برای T. gondii منفی بودند. مقادیر Ct در نمونه‌های مثبت از 5/27 تا 9/41 متغیر بود. تحلیل آماری داده‌ها اختلاف بین نمونه‌های مثبت و منفی را نشان داد (P = 0.0471, P ≤ 0.05).
نتیجه‌گیری: این مطالعه نشان داد که جوجه‌های گوشتی در شهر بغداد ممکن است نقش مهمی در انتقال توکسوپلاسموز داشته باشند و به‌عنوان یک خطر بالقوه برای سلامت عمومی مطرح باشند. PCR در زمان واقعی (Real-Time PCR) به‌عنوان روشی حساس و قابل اعتماد برای تشخیص مولکولی عفونت T. gondii در جوجه‌های گوشتی شناخته شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Using Real-Time PCR in Broiler Chickens from Baghdad City, Iraq

نویسنده [English]

  • Rana Mohammed Ibrahim
Department Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
چکیده [English]

Objective
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis, an important zoonotic disease affecting humans and animals worldwide. Broiler chickens are considered potential sources of infection due to their exposure to contaminated environments and their role in food transmission. The present study aimed to detect T. gondii in broiler chickens in Baghdad city using conventional PCR and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) techniques.
Materials and methods
A total of 50 broiler chicken samples were collected from local live chicken selling and slaughtering markets in different areas of Baghdad city, including Abu Ghraib, Al-Ghazaliya, Al-Adl, Al-Shorja, and Jameela markets, during the period from January 2026 to June 2026. Blood samples were collected under aseptic conditions and transferred to the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, for molecular examination. Genomic DNA was extracted for conventional PCR analysis, while total RNA was extracted, reverse-transcribed into cDNA, and analyzed by RT-qPCR targeting the B1 gene of T. gondii.
Results
Conventional PCR successfully amplified the 18S rRNA gene, producing the expected 976 bp amplicon confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. T. gondii was identified in 20 of 50 (40.0%) blood samples from broiler chickens, whereas 30 (60.0%) were negative for T. gondii by RT-qPCR targeting of B1 gene. Ct values ranged from 27.5 to 41.9 in the positive samples. The difference between positive and negative samples (P = 0.0471, P ≤ 0.05) was proved by statistical analysis of the data.
Conclusion
The study concluded that broiler chickens in Baghdad city may play an important role in the transmission of toxoplasmosis and represent a potential public health risk. Real-Time PCR was found to be a sensitive and reliable method for molecular detection of T. gondii infection in broiler chickens.


کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • broiler chickens
  • health
  • infection
  • Real-Time qPCR
  • Toxoplasma gonidii
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