پاسخ‌های افتراقی سه رقم کلزای (Brassica napus) بهاره به تنش شوری: تجزیه و تحلیل صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی، فعالیت آنزیمی و بیان ژن های دخیل در تحمل تنش"

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار، گروه بیوتکنولوژی، پژوهشگاه علوم و تکنولوژی پیشرفته و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی صنعتی و فناوری پیشرفته، کرمان

چکیده

هدف: تنش شوری یکی از عوامل اصلی محدودکننده بهره‌وری کشاورزی در سراسر جهان است که بر رشد، نمو و عملکرد گیاه تأثیر منفی می‌گذارد. کلزا (Brassica napus) دومین محصول مهم از دانه های روغنی پس از سویا است و به عنوان یک محصول کشاورزی با اهمیت اقتصادی شناخته می شود. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی تنش شوری بر پارامترهای رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی، آنزیمی و مولکولی سه رقم کلزای بهاره (آگامکس، تراپر و هایولا61) در شرایط گلخانه صورت گرفت.
‌مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار با سه سطح تنش شوری صفر (شرایط نرمال آبیاری)، شوری متوسط (آبیاری با EC 6.5) و شوری شدید (آبیاری با EC 12.7) اجرا گردید. پارامترهای مختلف مورفولوژیکی (طول ریشه، ارتفاع ساقه، وزن تر و خشک ریشه، طول غلاف، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد بذر در غلاف و وزن هزاردانه)، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی (غلظت رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی، محتوای پرولین، قند محلول، محتوای پروتئین محلول کل، محتوای پروتئین بذر و روغن بذر) و فعالیت‌آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی (کاتالاز، پلی‌فنل اکسیداز، گایاکول پراکسیداز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز) برای ارزیابی پاسخ به شوری بررسی شدند. تجزیه و تحلیل مولکولی شامل استخراج RNA از برگ ، سنتز cDNA و انجامReal time PCR برای بررسی تغییرات بیان در دو ژن مرتبط با فعالیت پروتئین تجمع کننده در انتهای دوره جنینی (LEA)و پروتئین کینازی فعال شده با میتوژن (Mapk) دخیل در مقاومت به تنش بود.
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش شوری، کاهش قابل توجهی در رشد و عملکرد تولیدمثلی مشاهده می‌شود که بیشترین میزان آن در رقم آگامکس مشاهده شد. رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی کاهش یافتند، در حالی که پرولین و قندهای محلول تجمع یافتند که نشان‌دهنده سازگاری اسمزی-محافظتی است. فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی عموماً تحت شوری متوسط افزایش یافت که نشان‌دهنده افزایش دفاع در برابر تنش اکسیداتیو، عمدتاً در ارقام تراپر و هایولا61 می باشد. تجزیه و تحلیل بیان ژن، کاهش بیان ژن LEA و تعدیل اختصاصی Mapk را تحت تنش شوری نشان داد که نشان‌دهنده تنظیمات رونویسی نسبت به شوری است.
نتیجه‌گیری: در این مطالعه رقم تراپر با رشد بهتر، عملکردبالاتر، تجمع اسمولیت و رنگدانه های فتوسنتزی بیشتر، فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان و الگوهای بیان ژن مطلوب تحت تنش شوری نسبت به دو رقم دیگر تحمل بیشتری به شوری نشان داد. رقم آگامکس حساسیت بیشتری نشان داد، در حالی که رقم هایولا61 پاسخ‌های متوسطی با نقاط قوت خاصی مانند حفظ رنگدانه و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی آنزیمی نشان داد .

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Differential responses of three spring rapeseed (Brassica napus) cultivars to salt stress: Analysis of morphological and biochemical traits, enzymatic activity and expression of the genes related to tolerance.

نویسنده [English]

  • Maryam Abdoli Nasab
Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and high technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman,
چکیده [English]

Objective: Salinity stress is one of the major abiotic factors limiting agricultural productivity worldwide, negatively affecting plant growth, development, and yield. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is the second most important oilseed crop after soybean and is recognized as an economically important agricultural crop. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of salinity stress on growth, physiological, biochemical, enzymatic, and molecular parameters of three spring rapeseed cultivars (Agamex, Trapper, and Hyola61) under controlled conditions.
Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications at three salinity stress levels: zero (normal irrigation conditions), moderate (irrigated with EC 6.5), and severe salinity (irrigated with EC 12.7). Various morphological parameters (root length, stem height, root fresh and dry weight, pod number and 1000-seed weight), physiological and biochemical parameters (photosynthetic pigment concentration, proline content, soluble sugar content, protein and seed oil content) and antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, polyphenol oxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase) were investigated to evaluate the response to salinity. Molecular analysis included RNA extraction from leaves, cDNA synthesis and Real time PCR to examine the expression changes in two genes related to the activity of late embryonic accumulation protein (LEA) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (Mapk) involved in stress resistance.
Results: The results showed that with increasing salinity, a significant decrease in growth and reproductive performance was observed, the highest rate of which was observed in the Agamex cultivar. Photosynthetic pigments decreased, while proline and soluble sugars accumulated, indicating osmo-protective adaptation. Antioxidant enzyme activities were generally increased under moderate salinity, indicating enhanced defense against oxidative stress, mainly in Trapper and Hyola61 cultivars. Gene expression analysis revealed down-regulation of LEA gene expression and specific up-regulation of Mapk under salt stress, indicating transcriptional regulation to salinity.
Conclusions: In this study, Trapper showed greater tolerance to salinity than the other two studied cultivars with better growth, higher yield, higher osmolyte and photosynthetic pigment accumulation, high antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression patterns under salt stress. The Agamex cultivar showed greater sensitivity, while the Hyola61 cultivar showed moderate responses with specific strengths such as pigment retention and enzymatic antioxidant capacity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant activity
  • LEA genes
  • Mapk genes
  • Stress

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مجله بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی
دوره 18، شماره 4
دی 1405
صفحه 111-130

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