نقش عناصر فسفر، پتاسیم و کلسیم بر رشد درون شیشه‌ای پیازچه سوسن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول: استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم باغبانی، گروه علوم باغبانی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف: سوسن به عنوان سومین گل پیازدار مهم در جهان با کاربری گل بریده و گلدانی شناخته میشود. تولید پیازچه برون و درون شیشه‌ای از معمول‌ترین روش‌های تکثیر این گیاه به شمار می‌رود. با توجه به عملکرد بالای ازدیاد درون شیشه‌ای، استفاده از این روش می‌تواند موجب کاهش هزینه‌های تولید در این گیاه شود و به طبع مانع ازآلودگی‌های خاک و آب با کاهش سطح زیر کشت مزرعه‌ای می‌شود. ترکیبات محیط کشت به‌ویژه عناصر درشت مغذی نقش مهمی در رشد پیازچه‌های سوسن دارند. به همین منظور، از غلظت‌های مختلف عناصر فسفر، پتاسیم و کلسیم جهت بررسی تاثیر آنها در رشد درون شیشه‌ای پیازچه استفاده گردید.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش اثر پنج غلظت (0،0.5،1،2،3) از عناصر فسفر، پتاسیم و کلسیم بر روی درصد پیازچه‌زایی، تعداد پیازچه، وزن تر اندام‌ها (پیازچه، برگ و ریشه) و وزن‌تر ریزنمونه فلس در پیازچه‌های سوسن رقم سانتاندر بررسی گردید.
نتایج: نتایج آزمایش تاثیر چشم‌گیر هر سه عنصر در رشد پیازچه را نشان می دهد، بطوری‌که فقدان هر یک از عناصر موجب بروز اختلالات شدید در تولید پیازچه در شرایط دورن شیشه‌ای گردید. با افزایش غلظت عناصر مورد مطالعه، میزان پاسخ به پیازچه‌زایی به‌صورت معنی‌داری افزایش یافت. غلظت دو برابر فسفر نسبت به غلطت پایه موجب افزایش معنی‌دار در درصد پیازچه‌زایی، تعداد پیازچه، وزن‌تر پیازچه، وزن‌تر فلس و وزن‌تر برگ و ریشه نسبت به سایر تیمارها شد. افزایش 3 برابری در غلظت هر کدام از  عناصر مورد استفاده موجب کاهش شاخص‌های یاد شده گردید.
نتیجه‌گیری: بطورکلی، نتایج نشان داد فسفر و کلسیم نقش حیاتی در رشد پیازچه در گیاه سوسن ایفا می کنند، بطوری‌که از یک سو افزایش فسفر بیشترین میزان پیازچه‌زایی و وزن نهایی پیازچه را خود نشان داد و از سوی دیگر، در تیمار بدون کلسیم تمامی شاخص‌های رشد پیازچه به شدت کاهش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The role of phosphorus, potassium and calcium on in vitro culture of lily bulblet

نویسندگان [English]

  • Naser Askari 1
  • Reza Ghahremani 2
1 Corresponding author. Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, University of Jiroft
2 MSc Student, Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objective
Lily is known as the third main bulbous flower in the world that used for cut flowers and pots. Bulblet as a staple procedure is known for propagation of this plant. Due to the high performance of in vitro bulblets regeneration, the use of this method can reduce the costs production of this plant and also reduction of water and soil pollution due to minimizing the field area for ex vitro propagation. The size of lily bulblets produced in vitro is smaller than ex vitro propagated bulblets. For this purpose, several concentrations of phosphorus, potassium and calcium were used to investigate their role on lily bulblet growth under in vitro condition.
 
Materials and methods
In this experiment, ‘Santander’ cultivar was used for bulblet growth of lily. For this purpose, the effect of five strength (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3) of macro elements (phosphorus, potassium and calcium) based on MS medium on bulblet regeneration percentage, bulblet number, bulblet fresh weight, scale explant fresh weight, and fresh weight of leaf and root was surveyed.
 
Results
The results of the experiment clearly showed the effect of all three elements on the growth of bulblet, so that the limitation of any of the elements (0 strength) caused serious disorders in all explants.  With increasing the concentration of the studied elements, the bulblet regeneration percentage increased significantly. The maximum in vitro bulblet regeneration percentage (95.3 %) was found in explants grown on medium supplemented with double-strength of phosphorous. All three macroelementsnotably phosphorus played a major role on lily bulblets growth. According to results, application of double-strength of phosphorus caused the highest number of bulblet compared to test with 11.6. A considerable decrement in the fresh weight of leaves (16 g) and roots (10 g) was observed in the absence of calcium in the culture medium.
 
Conclusions
In general, phosphorus and calcium play a vital role in the regeneration of lily bulblets in vitro, so that on the one hand, double-strength of phosphorus had the highest amount of bulblet regeneration and fresh weight of the bulblets and on the other hand, shortage of calcium had the lowest amount in all parameters. So it is recommended to increase the concentrations of above mentioned macroelementsfor obtaining bigger bulblets.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Calcium
  • Bulblet growth
  • Lily
  • Potassium
  • Phosphorus
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