بررسی برخی آلودگی های میکروبی و تک یاخته ای در آب میوه های سنتی استان البرز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکترای عمومی دامپزشکی گروه بهداشت و کنترل کیفی مواد غذایی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ،کرج، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه بهداشت و کنترل کیفی مواد غذایی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ،کرج، ایران.

3 گروه انگل شناسی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: آب‌میوه فرآورده‌ای شفاف یا کدر است که به روش‌های مکانیکی از میوه ‌های سالم و رسیده بدست می‌ آید و بواسطه وجود بسیاری از ویتامین‌ها و مواد‌مغذی می ‌تواند بدن را در برابر بسیاری از بیماری‌ها محافظت نماید . آب‌میوه‌های سنتی که توسط آب‌میوه‌فروشی‌ها تهیه و عرضه می‌شوند، علیرغم طعم مطلوب و حفظ ترکیبات معدنی و ویتامینی میوه، ممکن است آلوده به عوامل بیماری‌زا باشند. این آلودگی‌ها می‌توانند ناشی از مراحل مختلف تولید شامل کاشت، داشت و برداشت میوه‌ها، فرآیند استخراج آب‌میوه، افزودنی‌های مورد استفاده، و رعایت نکردن بهداشت توسط پرسنل و یا ظروف و سطوح و وسایل مورد استفاده در محیط فروش باشند. از مهم‌ترین پاتوژن‌های آلوده‌کننده آب‌میوه‌ها می‌توان به باکتری‌های کلی‌فرم و مزوفیل مخمرها، کپک‌ها و تک‌یاخته‌های انگلی اشاره کرد. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی برخی از آلودگی‌های میکروبی و تک یاخته‌ای در آب‌میوه‌های سنتی استان البرز بوده است
مواد و روش‌ها: بدین منظور 100 نمونه آب‌میوه مختلف از مناطق مختلف عرضه دراستان البرز به طور تصادفی ، خریداری و در شیشه-های استریل جمع‌آوری و سپس در کنار یخ سریعا به آزمایشگاه مواد غذایی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی کرج انتقال یافت و جهت تعیین آلودگی‌های میکروبی (کشت‌های میکروبی)و تک یاخته‌ای(رنگ‌آمیزی اختصاصی و روش واکنش چند زنجیره‌ای) مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. در این تحقیق، تجزیه و تحلیل آماری با استفاده از نرم افزار Spss.ver:22 انجام گرفت. جهت بررسی ارتباط بین نوع آب‌میوه و آلودگی انگلی آزمون آماری ضریب فی و کرامر و جهت مقایسه نتایج حاصله از روش‌های مولکولی و رنگ‌آمیزی با استفاده از مشاهدات میکروسکوپی از آزمون توزیع دو جمله‌ای و ضریب کاپا و در آزمایشات میکروبی از ANOVA یک طرفه به همراه آزمون توکی استفاده شد.
نتایج: نتایج این پژوهش حاکی از آن است که آلودگی آب‌میوه به اشریشیاکلی و سالمونلا به ترتیب 24و 25 درصد بود. همچنین آلودگی به تک یاخته‌های آنتامبا هیستولتیکا، کریپتوسپوریدیوم و ژیاردیا به دو روش رنگ آمیزی اختصاصی و PCR به ترتیب (17، 11 و 14)% و (10، 6 و 14) بود.
نتیجه گیری: این پژوهش نشان داد که آب‌میوه‌های سنتی عرضه شده به مردم ، می‌تواند منبع آلودگی میکروبی و تک یاخته‌های انگلی قابل انتقال به انسان در سطح جامعه باشد ، لذا کنترل و آموزش و بازرسی مستمر توسط کارشناسان بهداشتی از مراکز فروش آب‌میوه و سایر مواد غذایی سنتی می تواند به جهت کاهش بیماری ‌های منتقله از آب‌میوه، بیانجامد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Microbial and Protozoan Contaminations in Traditional Fruit Juices of Alborz Province Abstract

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Behravi 1
  • Zohreh Mashak 2
  • Marziye Kefayat 3
1 D.V.M. Graduate, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Ka. C., Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Ka. C., Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
3 Department of parasitology, Ka. C., Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective
Fruit juice is a product obtained mechanically from healthy and ripe fruits. Due to its richness in essential vitamins and nutrients, it can strengthen the immune system and protect the body against various diseases. Traditional fruit juices prepared and sold by juice vendors, despite their pleasant taste and retention of vitamins and minerals, may be contaminated with pathogenic agents. These contaminations can occur during different stages of production, including cultivation, harvesting, juice extraction, use of additives, poor hygiene practices by staff, or through contaminated containers, surfaces, and equipment used in the sales environment. The most significant contaminants in fruit juices include coliform bacteria, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and protozoan parasites such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Entamoeba. This study aims to investigate certain microbial (coliforms, Salmonella, and E. coli) and protozoan (Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Entamoeba) contaminations in traditional fruit juices of Alborz Province for the first time.
Materials and methods
A total of 100 fruit juice samples were randomly purchased from various sales locations in Alborz Province, collected in sterile glass containers, and immediately transported on ice to the Food Laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Karaj. The samples were tested for microbial contamination (microbial cultures) and protozoan contamination (specific staining and polymerase chain reaction). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.22. To assess the relationship between juice type and parasitic contamination, Phi and Cramer's V tests were used. For comparing molecular and staining methods based on microscopic observations, binomial distribution and Kappa coefficient tests were applied. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were used for microbial analysis.
Results
Contamination rates for E. coli and Salmonella were 24% and 25%, respectively. Protozoan contamination rates for Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia were 17%, 11%, and 14% using specific staining, and 6%, 10%, and 14% using PCR.
Conclusion
This study revealed that traditional fruit juices offered to the public can be a source of microbial and protozoan parasitic infections transmissible to humans. Therefore, continuous monitoring, education, and inspection by health experts at juice and traditional food sales centers can help reduce juice-borne diseases.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alborz province
  • fruit juice
  • microbial contamination
  • protozoa
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